The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation
Open accessAbstract
The prevalence of diabetes and obesity is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, and the causes of this pandemic are not fully understood. Chronic sleep curtailment is a behavior that has developed over the past 2-3 decades. Laboratory and epidemiological studies suggest that sleep loss may play a role in the increased prevalence of diabetes and/or obesity. Current data suggest the relationship between sleep restriction, weight gain and diabetes risk may involve at least three pathways: (1) alterations in glucose metabolism; (2) upregulation of appetite; and (3) decreased energy expenditure. The present article reviews the current evidence in support of these three mechanisms that might link short sleep and increased obesity and diabetes risk.
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Insufficient sleep duration is associated with weight gain and obesity.
“short sleep duration (6 hours or less), and especially very short sleep duration (less than 5 hours) is associated with increased cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality, including weight gain and obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Insufficient sleep is linked to lower energy expenditure, altered glucose homeostasis, and alterations in hormones that mediate hunger.
“insufficient sleep has been linked to lower energy expenditure, altered glucose homeostasis and alterations in hormones that mediate hunger(24, 25, 27-31).”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
The data provide indirect support linking the state of sleep deprivation, and the subjective severity of this state, to altered internal homeostasis following extended time awake, consistent with established alterations in metabolism and temperature regulation following sleep loss.
“our data provide indirect support linking the state of sleep deprivation, and the subjective severity of this state, to altered internal homeostasis following extended time awake, and is consistent with already established alterations in metabolism and temperature regulation following sleep loss26,27.”
From The impact of sleep deprivation on food desire in the human brain (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
Prior work has described peripheral body changes in appetite and metabolic regulating hormones following sleep loss that can lead to weight-gain.
“elegant prior work has describe peripheral body changes in appetite and metabolic regulating hormones following sleep loss that can lead to weight-gain2,26,28.”
From The impact of sleep deprivation on food desire in the human brain (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Knutson, K. L., Spiegel, K., Penev, P., & Van Cauter, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Knutson, Kristen L.
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 163-178
- ISSN
- 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1991337
- OpenAlex
- W1985337265
- Cited by
- 1,365
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 83
- FWCI
- 10.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P01-AG11412., P01AG011412)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01-HL72694, R01HL072694, R01HL075079, R01HL075025)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P60DK20595, P60DK020595)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR 00055, M01RR000055)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, sleep restriction, diabetes risk, obesity, glucose metabolism, appetite, energy expenditure, weight gain
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Chronic Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sleep Deprivation, Body Mass Index, Prevalence
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