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Cited by 660Sleep and related disordersSleep and Work-Related FatigueCircadian rhythm and melatonin

Short and Long Sleep and Sleeping Pills: Is Increased Mortality Associated?

Kripke, Daniel F.·1979·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780010109014
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Abstract

Prospective epidemiologic data of the American Cancer Society disclosed that reported usual sleep durations among groups who complained of insomnia and sleeping pill use "often" overlapped with those of groups who had no complaints. Reports of insomnia were not consistently associated with increased mortality when several factors were controlled; however, men who reported usually sleeping less than four hours were 2.80 times as likely to have died within six years as men who reported 7.0 to 7.9 hours of sleep. The ratio for women was 1.48. Men and women who reported sleeping ten hours or more had about 1.8 times the mortality of those who reported 7.0 to 7.9 hours of sleep. Those who reported using sleeping pills "often" had 1.5 times the mortality of those who "never" used sleeping pills. These results do not prove that mortality could be reduced by altering sleep durations or by reducing hypnotic prescribing. Rather, studies are needed to determine the causes of these mortality risk factors.

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Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780010109014

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  • Prescription hypnotic medications may carry significant risks.

    “This particularly important since prescription hypnotic medications may carry significant risks(239-243).”

    From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [243]

  • In 2008, US working adults reported an average sleep need of 7h18min, an average sleep duration of 6h40min, with 44% sleeping less than 7h and 16% less than 6h on a typical week-night.

    “Data from the 2008 “Sleep in America” poll of the National Sleep Foundation indicate that although working adults report a sleep need of an average of 7h18min to function at best, the average sleep duration is 6h40min, with 44% of them sleeping less than 7h on a typical week-night (as opposed to only 15.6% in 1960 [10]), and 16% less than 6h”

    From Role of sleep duration in the regulation of glucose metabolism and appetite (2010) · cites this paper as [10]

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Authors
Kripke, D. F.
Corresponding author
Kripke, Daniel F.
ORCID
Kripke, Daniel F.
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1979-01-01
Volume
36
Issue
1
Pages
103
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780010109014
OpenAlex
W2151482188
Cited by
660
References
27
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 30
FWCI
9.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Keywords
sleep duration, insomnia, hypnotics, mortality, sex differences, long sleep, short sleep duration, hypnotic prescribing
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Coronary Disease, Female, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Neoplasms, Sex Factors, Sleep, Suicide, Time Factors

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