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Cited by 185Sleep and related disordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesDigital Mental Health Interventions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Self-help therapy for insomnia: A meta-analysis

van Straten, Annemieke, Cuijpers, Pim·2009·Sleep Medicine Reviews
DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2008.04.006
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Abstract

Background Insomnia is a prevalent problem which often leads to a reduced quality of life and diminished work productivity. Only a minority of patients are treated with effective non-pharmacological therapies. A self-help intervention might offer an inexpensive and more accessible alternative to face-to-face treatment.Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies examining the effects of self-help interventions for insomnia, identified through extensive searches of bibliographical databases. We examined the effects of self-help on different sleep outcomes, in comparison with both waiting lists controls and face-to-face treatments.Results Ten studies with a total of 1000 subjects were included. The intervention did improve sleep efficiency (d=0.42; p<0.05), sleep onset latency (d=0.29; p<0.05), wake after sleep onset (d=0.44; p<0.05) and sleep quality (d=0.33; p<0.05) but not total sleep time (d=0.02; p>0.05). The sleep improvements were maintained over the longer term. Symptoms of anxiety and depression also decreased after self-help (d=0.28; p<0.05 and d=0.51; p<0.05, respectively). Although based on a very limited number of studies, the face-to-face treatments did not show statistically significant superiority to the self-help treatments. The effect sizes associated with self-help treatments might be overestimated due to publication bias.Conclusions The effects of self-help treatments are small to moderate. Nevertheless, they might constitute a useful addition to existing treatment options especially when integrated in a stepped care approach.

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Metadata

Authors
van Straten, A., & Cuijpers, P.
Affiliations
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
ORCID
Cuijpers, Pim
Venue
Sleep Medicine Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-02
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
61-71
ISSN
1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.smrv.2008.04.006
OpenAlex
W2085833142
Cited by
185
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
FWCI
0.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Keywords
insomnia, self-help intervention, non-pharmacological treatment, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, stepped care, long-term treatment outcomes
MeSH terms
Anxiety, Combined Modality Therapy, Depression, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Physician-Patient Relations, Self Care, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome

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