Sleep disturbances in bereavement: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Severe, persistent and disabling grief occurs among a sizable minority experiencing bereavement, with diagnostic manuals newly including complicated grief (CG) disorders. Sleep disturbances/disorders have been established as worsening affective and stress-related conditions. However, the role of sleep difficulties in bereavement and CG has not received similar scientific attention. We therefore conducted a systematic review with narrative syntheses on this topic to clarify the role of sleep in bereavement (PROSPERO: CRD42018093145). We searched PubMed, Web of Science and PsychInfo for peer-reviewed English-language articles including (at least one) bereaved sample and sleep disturbance measure. We identified 85 articles on 12.294 participants. We answered seven pre-defined research questions demonstrating: high prevalence of sleep disturbances in bereavement; positive associations of grief intensity with sleep difficulties; preliminary indications of risk factors of post-loss sleep disturbance; higher prevalence of sleep disturbances in CG, enhanced by psychiatric comorbidity (i.e., depression); and initial evidence of causal relationships between (complicated) grief and sleep. Grief therapy partly improves sleep difficulties, yet no intervention studies have specifically targeted sleep problems in bereaved persons. Causal relationships between sleep and grief require further examination in intensive longitudinal investigations, including randomized trials, thereby clarifying whether treating sleep problems enhances CG treatment effects.
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Sleep difficulties are associated with mental health problems following loss, such as prolonged grief and depression.
“There is strong evidence that sleep difficulties is associated with mental health problems following loss, such as prolonged grief and depression (Boelen and Lancee, 2013; Lancel et al., 2020; Monk et al., 2008).”
From Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia after the loss of a child to cancer: Randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Lancel et al., 2020
In “Level of grief and sleep problems” (page unavailable), the review says there is strong evidence of an association between grief intensity and disturbed sleep. It also notes studies of the relationship between sleep and depression in bereavement, but says those results merit further investigation; it does not establish equally strong evidence for depression. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredImpaired sleep is a common problem in bereaved individuals.
“Impaired sleep is a common problem in bereaved individuals (Buckley et al., 2012; Hardison et al., 2005; Lancel et al., 2020).”
From Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia after the loss of a child to cancer: Randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Lancel et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Lancel, M., Stroebe, M., & Eisma, M. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Lancel, Marike
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 53
- Pages
- 101331
- ISSN
- 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3028395088
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (636310014)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Keywords
- sleep disorders, bereavement, complicated grief, grief intensity, depression, psychiatric comorbidity, grief therapy
- MeSH terms
- Bereavement, Depression, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Comorbidity, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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