Degradability of black carbon and its impact on trace gas fluxes and carbon turnover in paddy soils
Abstract
Rice paddy soils are characterized by anoxic conditions, anaerobic carbon turnover, and significant emissions of the greenhouse gas methane. A main source for soil organic matter in paddy fields is the rice crop residue that is returned to fields if not burned. We investigated as an alternative treatment the amendment of rice paddies with rice residues that have been charred to black carbon. This treatment might avoid various negative side effects of traditional rice residue treatments. Although charred biomass is seen as almost recalcitrant, its impact on trace gas (COâ, CHâ) production and emissions in paddy fields has not been studied. We quantified the degradation of black carbon produced from rice husks in four wetland soils in laboratory incubations. In two of the studied soils the addition of carbonised rice husks resulted in a transient increase in carbon mineralisation rates in comparison to control soils without organic matter addition. After almost three years, between 4.4% and 8.5% of the black carbon added was mineralised to COâ under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. The addition of untreated rice husks resulted in a strong increase in carbon mineralisation rates and in the same time period 77%â100% of the added rice husks were mineralised aerobically and 31%â54% anaerobically. The ¹³C-signatures of respired COâ gave a direct indication of black carbon mineralisation to COâ. In field trials we quantified the impact of rice husk black carbon or untreated rice husks on soil respiration and methane emissions. The application of black carbon had no significant effect on soil respiration but significantly enhanced methane emissions in the first rice crop season. The additional methane released accounted for only 0.14% of black carbon added. If the same amount of organic carbon was added as untreated rice husks, 34% of the applied carbon was released as COâ and methane in the first season. Furthermore, the addition of fresh harvest residues to paddy fields resulted in a disproportionally high increase in methane emissions. Estimating the carbon budget of the different rice crop residue treatments indicated that charring of rice residues and adding the obtained black carbon to paddy fields instead of incorporating untreated harvest residues may reduce field methane emissions by as much as 80%. Hence, the production of black carbon from rice harvest residues could be a powerful strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields.
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Addition of biochar to soils results in slower mineralisation of the biochar materials than the uncharred biomass.
“Addition of biochar to soils has been shown to result in slower mineralisation of the biochar materials than the uncharred biomass [69]”
From A Review of Biochar and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics (2013) · cites this paper as [69]
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- Authors
- Knoblauch, C., Maarifat, A.-A., Pfeiffer, E.-M., & Haefele, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- International Rice Research Institute (PH)
- Corresponding author
- Knoblauch, Christian
- Venue
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1768-1778
- ISSN
- 0038-0717 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2071154927
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 18.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- International Atomic Energy Agency
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil and Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- black carbon, rice husk biochar, rice residue management, paddy soil, methane emissions, soil respiration, carbon mineralization, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, 13C labeling, carbon balance, wetland soils
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