World crop residues production and implications of its use as a biofuel
Abstract
Reducing and off-setting anthropogenic emissions of CO(2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) are important strategies of mitigating the greenhouse effect. Thus, the need for developing carbon (C) neutral and renewable sources of energy is more than ever before. Use of crop residue as a possible source of feedstock for bioenergy production must be critically and objectively assessed because of its positive impact on soil C sequestration, soil quality maintenance and ecosystem functions. The amount of crop residue produced in the US is estimated at 367x10(6) Mg/year for 9 cereal crops, 450x10(6) Mg/year for 14 cereals and legumes, and 488x10(6) Mg/year for 21 crops. The amount of crop residue produced in the world is estimated at 2802x10(6) Mg/year for cereal crops, 3107x10(6) Mg/year for 17 cereals and legumes, and 3758x10(6) Mg/year for 27 food crops. The fuel value of the total annual residue produced is estimated at 1.5x10(15) kcal, about 1 billion barrels (bbl) of diesel equivalent, or about 8 quads for the US; and 11.3x10(15) kcal, about 7.5 billion bbl of diesel or 60 quads for the world. However, even a partial removal (30-40%) of crop residue from land can exacerbate soil erosion hazard, deplete the SOC pool, accentuate emission of CO(2) and other GHGs from soil to the atmosphere, and exacerbate the risks of global climate change. Therefore, establishing bioenergy plantations of site-specific species with potential of producing 10-15 Mg biomass/year is an option that needs to be considered. This option will require 40-60 million hectares of land in the US and about 250 million hectares worldwide to establish bioenergy plantations.
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Crop residue left on the soil surface can buffer wind and water erosive forces; harvesting crop residue can increase erosion risk due to less physical protection of the soil surface, leading to both nutrient and soil organic carbon losses.
“The crop residue left on the soil surface can buffer wind and water erosive forces (Blanco-Canqui and Wortmann 2017), thus harvesting crop residue can increase the erosion risk due to the less physical protection of soil surface (EPA 2011;Lal 2005), leading to both nutrient and SOC losses.”
From Bioenergy production and environmental impacts (2018) · cites this paper as Lal 2005
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Navigating Sustainability Trade-Offs in Global Beef Production
Castonguay, A. C., Polasky, S., H. Holden, M., Herrero, M., Mason-D’Croz, D., Godde, C., Chang, J., Gerber, J., Witt, G. B., Game, E. T., et al. (2023) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-022-01017-0 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Das, R., & Maiti, S. K. (2016) · International Journal of Coal Science & Technology · doi:10.1007/s40789-016-0131-4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Cooney, D., Kim, H., Quinn, L., Lee, M.-S., Guo, J., CHEN, S.-L., XU, B.-C., & Lee, D. K. (2017) · Journal of Integrative Agriculture · doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(16)61587-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Estimation of Soil Carbon Input in France: An Inverse Modelling Approach
MEERSMANS, J., MARTIN, M. P., LACARCE, E., ORTON, T. G., DE BAETS, S., GOURRAT, M., SABY, N. P. A., WETTERLIND, J., BISPO, A., QUINE, T. A., et al. (2013) · Pedosphere · doi:10.1016/s1002-0160(13)60035-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Land and Water: Linkages to Bioenergy
Coelho, S. T., Agbenyega, O., Agostini, A., Erb, K.-H., Haberl, H., Hoogwijk, M., Lal, R., Lucon, O., Masera, O., Moreira, J. É. R., et al. (2012) · Global Energy Assessment (GEA) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511793677.026 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationMiscanthus agronomy and bioenergy feedstock potential on minesoils.
Ussiri, D. A. N., & Lal, R. (2014) · Biofuels · doi:10.1080/17597269.2015.1024388 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationAsare, F., Gazo, R., Mo, J., Haviarova, E., Quesada, H. J., Rahmani, S. R., Owusu, F. W., Saraugi, S. S., & Routray, W. (2027) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135686
- Authors
- Lal, R.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lal, R.
- ORCID
- Lal, R.
- Venue
- Environment International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-05
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 575-584
- ISSN
- 0160-4120 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2105018714
- Semantic Scholar
- 23113753f4cf09e717f355d28c4e350509bece7b
- Cited by
- 1,004
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 22.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environment International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development
- Keywords
- crop residues, bioenergy, biofuels, soil organic carbon, soil carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, energy plantations, renewable energy, cereals, Fabaceae
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Bioelectric Energy Sources, Carbon, Plants, Edible, Refuse Disposal, Soil, Greenhouse Effect, Ecosystem, Biomass
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