The DOI matches its Crossref record; 113 of the 113 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clonal Hematopoiesis and Evolution to Hematopoietic Malignancies
Open accessAbstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) broadly describes the expansion of a clonal population of blood cells with one or more somatic mutations. Individuals with CH are at greater risk for hematological malignancies, cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality from non-hematological cancers. Understanding the causes of CH and how these mutant cells interact with cells of other tissues will provide critical insights into preleukemic development, stem cell biology, host-immune interactions, and cancer evolution. Here we discuss the clinical manifestations of CH, mechanisms contributing to its development, the role of CH in clonal evolution toward leukemia, and the contribution of CH to non-hematological disease states.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“clonal hematopoiesis-associated mutations alter the behavior of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); some also confer a fitness advantage, leading to clonal expansion [27,28].”
From Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential as an Emerging Interdisciplinary Risk Factor in Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions (2026) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
López-Otín, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., & Kroemer, G. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039 · Cited by 14,982
Arber, D. A., Orazi, A., Hasserjian, R., Thiele, J., Borowitz, M. J., Le Beau, M. M., Bloomfield, C. D., Cazzola, M., & Vardiman, J. W. (2016) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2016-03-643544 · Cited by 10,119
Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells
Reya, T., Morrison, S. J., Clarke, M. F., & Weissman, I. L. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35102167 · Cited by 9,738
Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer
Initiative, A. P. C. G., Alexandrov, L. B., ICGC Breast Cancer Consortium, ICGC MMML-Seq Consortium, PedBrain, I., Nik-Zainal, S., Wedge, D. C., Aparicio, S. A. J. R., Behjati, S., Biankin, A. V., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12477 · Cited by 9,660
Bonnet, D. A., & Dick, J. E. (1997) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0797-730 · Cited by 7,197
Cancer Immunoediting: Integrating Immunity’s Roles in Cancer Suppression and Promotion
Schreiber, R. D., Old, L. J., & Smyth, M. J. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1203486 · Cited by 6,474
Conversion of 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Mammalian DNA by MLL Partner TET1
Tahiliani, M., Koh, K. P., Shen, Y., Pastor, W. A., Bandukwala, H., Brudno, Y., Agarwal, S., Iyer, L. M., Liu, D. R., Aravind, L., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1170116 · Cited by 5,836
Genomic and Epigenomic Landscapes of Adult De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1301689 · Cited by 5,078
Age-related clonal hematopoiesis associated with adverse outcomes
Jaiswal, S., Fontanillas, P., Flannick, J., Manning, A., Grauman, P. V., Mar, B. G., Lindsley, R. C., Mermel, C. H., Burtt, N., Chavez, A., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1408617 · Cited by 4,841
Genomic classification and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia
Papaemmanuil, E., Gerstung, M., Bullinger, L., Gaidzik, V. I., Paschka, P., Roberts, N. D., Potter, N. E., Heuser, M., Thol, F., Bolli, N., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1516192 · Cited by 4,350
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–454 of 454
Investigation of CSF1-CSF1R Signaling in AML-Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Interactions
Rashid, A. (2019) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Murakami, K., Yamaguchi, Y., Kida, Y., Morikawa, Y., Ujiie, H., Sugahara, H., Nannya, Y., Ogawa, S., & Kanakura, Y. (2021) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.7571-21
“However, our findings in the present patient suggest that congenital mutations in WT1 may contribute to early-onset CCUS.”
BackgroundInfluentialKaufman, D. S. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.737215426.793570098
Grimes, H. L. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.734929557.793556163
Xie, J., Sheng, M., Rong, S., Wang, C., Wu, W., Huang, J., Sun, Y., Chen, P., Wu, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.12.17.520899
Getawa, S., & Melku, M. (2022) · Hematology & Transfusion International Journal · doi:10.15406/htij.2022.10.00276
Data from A View on Drug Development for Cancer Prevention
Reynolds, A. R., Moschetta, M., Yohannes, A. R., Walcott, F. L., Ashford, M. B., Szűcs, Z., Sarbajna, T., Hadfield, J., Harrison, E., Challis, B., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.c.6602824.v1
Data from A View on Drug Development for Cancer Prevention
Reynolds, A. R., Moschetta, M., Yohannes, A. R., Walcott, F. L., Ashford, M. B., Szűcs, Z., Sarbajna, T., Hadfield, J., Harrison, E., Challis, B., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.c.6602824
Blood-based screening panel for lung cancer based on clonal hematopoietic mutationsPreprint
Anandakrishnan, R., Shahidi, R., Dai, A., Antony, V., & Zyvoloski, I. J. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3266804/v1
Clonal Hematopoiesis and Its Functional Implications in MDS/AML
Gill, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-3810-0_28
Evolution of clonal hematopoiesis
van Zeventer, I. A., de Graaf, A. O., Jansen, J. H., & Huls, G. A. (2023) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.1444
Identification of Clonal Hematopoiesis Driver Mutations through In Silico Saturation MutagenesisPreprint
Demajo, S., Ramis-Zaldivar, J. E., Muiños, F., Grau, M. L., Andrianova, M. A., López-Bigas, N., & González-Pérez, A. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.12.13.23299893
“…any clinical manifestation, epidemiological and molecular studies have, in the past decade, linked the presence of CH (above or below this clinical threshold) with an increased risk of development of myeloid malignancies, cardiovascular-related diseases, and all-cause mortality (2,6,7,14–18).”
RETRACTED: Study the association among some novel biomarker in acute leukemia patients
Aljuboory, D. S. A., & Sharba, I. R. (2024) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20248403020
RetractedLuo, Y., Wang, J., Li, K., Li, M., Xu, S., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Xu, X. S., Zhang, Y., Pan, J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19728511
Luo, Y., Wang, J., Li, K., Li, M., Xu, S., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Xu, X. S., Zhang, Y., Pan, J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19728523
Luo, Y., Wang, J., Li, K., Li, M., Xu, S., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Xu, X. S., Zhang, Y., Pan, J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19728505
Luo, Y., Wang, J., Li, K., Li, M., Xu, S., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Xu, X. S., Zhang, Y., Pan, J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19728520
Luo, Y., Wang, J., Li, K., Li, M., Xu, S., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Xu, X. S., Zhang, Y., Pan, J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19728517
Luo, Y., Wang, J., Li, K., Li, M., Xu, S., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Xu, X. S., Zhang, Y., Pan, J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19728514
Luo, Y., Wang, J., Li, K., Li, M., Xu, S., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Xu, X. S., Zhang, Y., Pan, J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19728508
Clonal hematopoiesis: a shared risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and tumors
Zha, L., & Cheng, X. C. (2024) · Oncology and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1097/ot9.0000000000000029
Dreiwi, H., Feliciangeli, F., Castro, M., Lythe, G., Molina-Parı́s, C., & López-García, M. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-63500-2
“Clonal hematopoiesis that has been observed in older mice and humans 54 is strictly linked to the accumulation of mutations in the HPC population and an increasing risk of leukemia.”
Colombo, E. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.25.605115
Богданов, А. Н., Волошин, С. В., Куневич, Е. О., & Mikhaleva, M. (2024) · Успехи геронтологии · doi:10.34922/ae.2024.37.3.013
Li, Y., Luo, K., Liu, J., Dong, G., Zhao, Z., & Cai, Z. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.10.648125
Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Treatment‐Naïve Primary Testicular Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma
Hanafi, H. H. W., Sabri, N. M. M., Yusoff, R. M., Akbar, N. A. N., Noor, N. H. M., Hussain, F. A., & Husin, A. (2025) · Case Reports in Hematology · doi:10.1155/crh/9885915
“However, transformation from untreated testicular DLBCL remains exceptionally uncommon [6, 7].”
Hematopoietic (stem) cells—The elixir of life?
Cerezo, E. L., Anderson, J., Vedrenne, E. D., Martín, N. Y., & Lengefeld, J. (2025) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.70215
“However, this process is often associated with clonal hematopoiesis [128,211,212], making the blood system more prone to leukemia transformation [212,213].”
Yang, X., Zhang, Y., Deng, S., Wang, Y., Zhao, S., Cheng, Y., & Zhang, C. (2025) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-025-04215-2
“Over an individual’s lifespan, the accumulation of mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) may initiate malignant transformation [3].”
Luo, Y., Wang, J., Li, K., Li, M., Xu, S., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Xu, X., Zhang, Y., Pan, J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19728499
Clonal hematopoiesis is associated with future diseases and mortality
Liu, W., Deng, Y., Yang, L., Wang, Z., Ma, L., Xu, Y., Dong, Q., Feng, J., Cheng, W., & Yu, J. (2025) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000003782
“In addition to the presumptive associations between CHIP and hematopoietic malignancies or solid tumors, [12,13] previous studies have also demonstrated that CHIP was associated with multiple age-related diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, [14] chronic obstructive pulmonary…”
Liang, S., Tao, W., Qu, D., Ji, P., Hao, Z., Wei, M., Yang, G., Zhou, X., Wang, C., & Yuan, L. (2026) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2026.01.040 · Cited by 1
“Hematopoietic system complexity and mutant cell hete rogeneity impede efficient clonal elimination while risking off-target damage [13].”
Wang, R.-Y., Dinh, K. N., Taketomi, K., Pang, G., King, K. Y., & Kimmel, M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.01.27.702030
“Environmental and inflammatory factors further modulate CH dynamics, as discussed in [Florez et al., 2022, Hormaechea-Agulla et al., 2021, Bowman et al., 2018, Winter et al., 2024].”
Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease in the “Omics” Era: Gut and Beyond
Sumida, K., & Kovesdy, C. P. (2026) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2025.12.001
Aberrant oxidative metabolism selects for TET2 -deficient hematopoietic stem and progenitor cellsPreprint
Niño, K. E., Ademà, V., Gray, A. E., Cowan, C. M., Schleicher, W. E., Hosseini, M., Bennett, S. N., Patel, S. B., Moreira, S., Danis, E. P., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.28.707294
Phylogenetic analysis of TET2 gene variants in Pakistani acute myeloid Leukemia patients
Abakar, M. E. A., Abaker, M. A. A., Antoniotti, M., & Graudenzi, A. (2026) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbag058
Unlocking the HOX: Homeobox Genes as Regulators of Hematopoietic Development
Moyer, D. L., Henning, A. M., & Medina, K. L. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27073285
“…can be plainly observed with the increased incidence of malignancies and non-malignant clonal processes such as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), along with the decrease in lineage-balanced hematopoietic stem cells in older adults [5,7–9].”
Quantifying Haematopoietic Cell Dynamics
Hustin, L. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/48546646z0fa0z4e9bzb5a0zb1067f26721d
Modeling Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia with the Aim of Identifying Novel Therapeutic Targets
Alawieh, D. (2025) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/c7daf13fz397fz4894zbafezd95092b27414
Mutant NPM1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Initiation and Maintenance
Jiang, Y., Zhong, F., Liu, R., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Aging and Cancer · doi:10.1002/aac2.70021
“CH and CHIP are often used to describe similar states of clonal expansion in the absence of cytopenia or morphologic dysplasia, albeit with differing levels of specificity [ 51 ].”
Platelet Proteome Links Metabolism to Reactivity in Essential Thrombocythemia
Guerrero-Carreño, X., Smits, S., Lasso, A. E., Samiotaki, M. K., Calabuig-Navarro, V., Iborra, F. J., Rantanen, F., Álvarez‐Larrán, A., Angona, A., Bellosillo, B., et al. (2026) · Molecular & Cellular Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.mcpro.2026.101617
“Patients suffering from essential thrombocythemia (ET), a clonal hematopoietic disease (1), are at variable risk of hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications.”
Splicing Factor Mutations in Clonal Hematopoiesis and Progression to Myeloid Neoplasms
Lyu, Y., Zhang, Y., & Kon, A. (2026) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.70461
Clonal dynamics on the road to hematological malignancy (MBL, MGUS, CH)
Xie, Z., Sekar, A., Paolo, G., Shaji, K., & Sameer, A. P. (2026) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2026.102615
Motisi, C., Salvo, A. D., & Balistreri, C. R. (2026) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2026.103296
Park, B., Yanai, H., Ding, J., & Beerman, I. (2026) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-026-01805-0 · Cited by 1
“These are somatic variants in hematopoietic cells acquired over a lifetime 77 , often affecting genes associated with aging, and those commonly altered in hematological malignancies 78 .”
Yao, C., Chen, Y., Tsai, B.-R., Chen, J.-W., Chan, C., Chen, W., Lin, L.-Y., Chou, W., Ho, Y., & Yang, L. (2026) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2026.08.052
Cheng, J., Tam, E. L., & O'Connell, C. L. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1907953
Ünsal, Ş. E. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1943135
“…studies predominantly associated PPM1D alterations with non-hematological malignancies, contemporary data have revealed that these mutations are strongly correlated with prior exposure to cytotoxic therapies and the subsequent development of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) (61 – 64).”
Khu, A., Marpaung, A. P., Halim, P., Rani, A. S., Situmorang, P. C., Nugraha, A. P., Nurkolis, F., Ribeiro, R. I. M. D. A., Kim, B., & Syahputra, R. A. (2026) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1002/cbin.70217
“TET2‐mutant macrophages display hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, generating elevated IL‐1beta and IL‐6 that promote atherosclerosis and establish a pro‐inflammatory bone marrow environment conducive to further clonal expansion and MDS evolution (Bowman et al. 2018; Basiorka et al. 2016).”
InfluentialLi, Y., Luo, K., Xia, K., Liu, J., Zhao, Z., Cai, Z., & Dong, G. (2026) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.052484
Chen, J., Lee, K., Adapathya, R., Hong, C.-L., & Yeh, S.-C. A. (2026) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5591-7_8
Metadata
- Authors
- Bowman, R. L., Busque, L., & Levine, R. L.
- Affiliations
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Levine, Ross L.
- Venue
- Cell stem cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 157-170
- ISSN
- 1875-9777 (ISSN-L)
- 1934-5909
- PMC
- PMC5804896
- OpenAlex
- W2786854070
- Cited by
- 448
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 25
- FWCI
- 9.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell stem cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
- National Cancer Institute (P30 CA008748)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Keywords
- clonal hematopoiesis, somatic mutations, hematologic malignancies, leukemia, clonal evolution, hematopoietic stem cells, cardiovascular disease, tumor evolution
- MeSH terms
- Hematopoiesis, Humans, Mutation, Stochastic Processes, Hematologic Neoplasms, Epigenesis, Genetic, Clonal Evolution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
