All one needs to know about fog computing and related edge computing paradigms: A complete survey
Open accessAbstract
With the Internet of Things (IoT) becoming part of our daily life and our environment, we expect rapid growth in the number of connected devices. IoT is expected to connect billions of devices and humans to bring promising advantages for us. With this growth, fog computing, along with its related edge computing paradigms, such as multi-access edge computing (MEC) and cloudlet, are seen as promising solutions for handling the large volume of security-critical and time-sensitive data that is being produced by the IoT. In this paper, we first provide a tutorial on fog computing and its related computing paradigms, including their similarities and differences. Next, we provide a taxonomy of research topics in fog computing, and through a comprehensive survey, we summarize and categorize the efforts on fog computing and its related computing paradigms. Finally, we provide challenges and future directions for research in fog computing.
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Edge computing and fog computing are decentralized approaches that contribute to reducing latency.
“Both edge and fog computing are decentralized approaches and contribute to reducing latency [48].”
From Edge-Cloud Synergy for AI-Enhanced Sensor Network Data: A Real-Time Predictive Maintenance Framework (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
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“rt city applications. They further review existing approaches that have been proposed to tackle the challenges in fog computing for building such smart city infrastructure. Comparably, the authors of [12] focus on architecture design and system management of edge computing to provide a detailed and focused survey in t…”
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The future of sleep health: a data-driven revolution in sleep science and medicine
Perez-Pozuelo, I., Zhai, B., Palotti, J., Mall, R., Aupetit, M., Garcia-Gomez, J. M., Taheri, S., Guan, Y., & Fernandez-Luque, L. (2020) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0244-4 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Moustafa, N., Koroniotis, N., Keshk, M., Zomaya, A. Y., & Tari, Z. (2023) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2023.3280465 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Edge computing: current trends, research challenges and future directions
Carvalho, G., Cabral, B., Pereira, V., & Bernardino, J. (2021) · Computing · doi:10.1007/s00607-020-00896-5 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
A Systematic Survey on the Role of Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing Combination in Smart Agriculture
Kalyani, Y., & Collier, R. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21175922 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Ahmad, S., Shakeel, I., Mehfuz, S., & Ahmad, J. (2023) · Computer Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2023.100568 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
A survey on deep transfer learning to edge computing for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic
Sufian, A., Ghosh, A., Sadiq, A. S., & Smarandache, F. (2020) · Journal of Systems Architecture · doi:10.1016/j.sysarc.2020.101830 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Fog computing: a taxonomy, systematic review, current trends and research challenges
Singh, J., Singh, P., & Gill, S. S. (2021) · Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing · doi:10.1016/j.jpdc.2021.06.005 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Edge-Cloud Synergy for AI-Enhanced Sensor Network Data: A Real-Time Predictive Maintenance Framework
Sathupadi, K., Achar, S., Bhaskaran, S. V., Faruqui, N., Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M., & Uddin, J. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24247918 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“Both edge and fog computing are decentralized approaches and contribute to reducing latency [48].”
Alzoubi, Y. I., Gill, A., & Mishra, A. (2022) · Journal of Cloud Computing · doi:10.1186/s13677-022-00353-y · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Mateos Matilla, D., Lozano Murciego, Á., Jiménez-Bravo, D. M., Sales Mendes, A., & Leithardt, V. R. Q. (2022) · Biosystems Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.07.010 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Journey from cloud of things to fog of things: survey, new trends, and research directions
Chakraborty, A., Kumar, M., Chaurasia, N., & Gill, S. S. (2023) · Software: Practice and Experience · doi:10.1002/spe.3157 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Mobile-kube: mobility-aware and energy-efficient service orchestration on kubernetes edge servers
Ghafouri, S., Karami, A., Bakhtiarvan, D. B., Bigdeli, A. S., Gill, S. S., & Doyle, J. (2022) · 2022 IEEE/ACM 15th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC) · doi:10.1109/ucc56403.2022.00019 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Enabling privacy-aware interoperable and quality IoT data sharing with context
Chhetri, T. R., Dehury, C. K., Varghese, B., Fensel, A., Srirama, S. N., & DeLong, R. J. (2024) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2024.03.039 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Smart Anomaly Detection Using Data-Driven Techniques in IoT Edge: A Survey
Manokaran, J., & Vairavel, G. (2022) · Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8862-1_45 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yousefpour, A., Fung, C., Nguyen, T., Kadiyala, K., Jalali, F., Niakanlahiji, A., Kong, J., & Jue, J. P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- The University of Texas at Dallas (US)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- IBM Research - Australia (AU)
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yousefpour, Ashkan
- Venue
- Journal of Systems Architecture
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 98
- Pages
- 289-330
- ISSN
- 1383-7621 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2885657717
- Cited by
- 1,368
- References
- 547
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 143 · 2023: 239 · 2022: 259 · 2021: 267 · 2020: 199 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 109.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Systems Architecture (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Energy Efficiency in Computing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Internet of Things and AI
- Keywords
- fog computing, edge computing, mobile edge computing, cloudlets, Internet of Things
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