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Iron metabolism and toxicity
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient with limited bioavailability. When present in excess, iron poses a threat to cells and tissues, and therefore iron homeostasis has to be tightly controlled. Iron's toxicity is largely based on its ability to catalyze the generation of radicals, which attack and damage cellular macromolecules and promote cell death and tissue injury. This is lucidly illustrated in diseases of iron overload, such as hereditary hemochromatosis or transfusional siderosis, where excessive iron accumulation results in tissue damage and organ failure. Pathological iron accumulation in the liver has also been linked to the development of hepatocellular cancer. Here we provide a background on the biology and toxicity of iron and the basic concepts of iron homeostasis at the cellular and systemic level. In addition, we provide an overview of the various disorders of iron overload, which are directly linked to iron's toxicity. Finally, we discuss the potential role of iron in malignant transformation and cancer.
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“The same group demonstrated the ferroxidase activity of yeast frataxin (233) [similar to that of ferritin H, which oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+ (178)].”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [233]
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BackgroundA novel MHC class I-like gene is mutated in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis
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Metadata
- Authors
- Papanikolaou, G., & Pantopoulos, K.
- Affiliations
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Jewish General Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Pantopoulos, K.
- Venue
- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 202
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 199-211
- ISSN
- 0041-008X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2077328361
- Cited by
- 1,070
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 140 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 2.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Keywords
- iron metabolism, iron homeostasis, iron toxicity, iron overload, hereditary hemochromatosis, oxidative stress, free radicals, hepatocellular carcinoma, malignant transformation, iron bioavailability
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Free Radicals, Humans, Iron, Liver, Oxidative Stress, Iron Overload
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