The DOI matches its Crossref record; 118 of the 118 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Eaten alive: novel insights into autophagy from multicellular model systems
Open accessAbstract
Autophagy delivers cytoplasmic material to lysosomes for degradation. First identified in yeast, the core genes that control this process are conserved in higher organisms. Studies of mammalian cell cultures have expanded our understanding of the core autophagy pathway, but cannot reveal the unique animal-specific mechanisms for the regulation and function of autophagy. Multicellular organisms have different types of cells that possess distinct composition, morphology, and organization of intracellular organelles. In addition, the autophagic machinery integrates signals from other cells and environmental conditions to maintain cell, tissue and organism homeostasis. Here, we highlight how studies of autophagy in flies and worms have identified novel core autophagy genes and mechanisms, and provided insight into the context-specific regulation and function of autophagy.
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“Of note, the apoptotic and autophagic machineries are highly interconnected during developmental cell death [796].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [796]
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“In this context, the autophagic apparatus also drives the developmental clearance of apoptotic cells [796].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [796]
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“The role of autophagy in morphinemediated regulation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses Autophagy is an intracellular process that delivers cellular organelles and misfolded proteins from the autophagosomes to the lysosomes for degradation (Zhang and Baehrecke, 2015).”
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“Introduction Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular process for the degradation of proteins and organelles in lysosomes [1].”
BackgroundMechanisms and Pathophysiological Roles of the ATG8 Conjugation Machinery
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Expression of WIPI2B counteracts age-related decline in autophagosome biogenesis in neurons
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“Extensive genetic studies in yeast and mammals have identified several autophagy-related genes ( ~ 40 genes in yeast) with specific roles in the autophagy pathway (Feng et al , 2014; Zhang & Baehrecke, 2015).”
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“To understand how autophagy processes are misregulated in Tom40 RNAi tissues, we carried out single and double-RNAi experiments to knockdown the expression of various core molecules of the autophagy pathway [40], alone or together with Tom40, and analyzed the patterns of ubiquitinated aggregates and Atg8a.”
BackgroundReciprocal Crosstalk Between Autophagic and Endocrine Signaling in Metabolic Homeostasis
Sinha, R. A., Singh, B. K., & Yen, P. M. (2016) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2016-1103 · Cited by 64
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Lindqvist, L., Simon, A. K., & Baehrecke, E. H. (2015) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.36 · Cited by 62
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“mode of cargo delivery to the lysosome [6,7].”
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Zhao, Y. G., & Zhang, H. (2019) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2019.08.003 · Cited by 55
Self-citationThe interplay of autophagy and non-apoptotic cell death pathways
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Osteoporosis and autophagy: What is the relationship?
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Icariin alleviates osteoarthritis through PI3K/Akt/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway
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“Under stress conditions, the inactivation of mTOR can promote the formation of the ULK complex, and the ULK1/FIP200/Atg13 complex is essential for the formation of autophagosomes [33, 34].”
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USP8 maintains embryonic stem cell stemness via deubiquitination of EPG5
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“homolog of yeast ATG1 and mammalian ULK1 (UNC-51-like autophagy activating kinase), an important component of the autophagy pathway [57].”
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Zárraga-Granados, G., Muciño-Hernández, G., Sánchez‐Carbente, M. D. R., Villamizar-Gálvez, W., Peñas-Rincón, A., Arredondo, C., Andrés, M. E., Wood, C. D., Covarrubias, L., & Castro‐Obregón, S. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222072 · Cited by 28
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BackgroundConvergence of secretory, endosomal, and autophagic routes in trans-Golgi–associated lysosomes
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Functions of nuclear receptors SUMOylation
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BackgroundThe emerging role of oxidative stress in regulating autophagy: applications of cancer therapy
Zhang, W., Wan, X., Liu, Z., Xiao, L., Huang, H., & Liu, X. (2017) · Cellular and Molecular Biology · doi:10.14715/cmb/2017.63.4.11 · Cited by 17
“3) Non-protective autophagy, which exerts rare influence on cancer therapies either inhibited or promoted by chemical agents (117,118).”
BackgroundThe roles of phosphoinositides in mammalian autophagy
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Hydroxycamptothecin mediates antiproliferative effects through apoptosis and autophagy in A549 cells
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“Subsequently, the cytosolic protein light chain 3 (LC3)I is conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine, forms LC3II and participates in membrane elongation (12-15).”
BackgroundThe tissue- and developmental stage-specific involvement of autophagy genes in aggrephagy
Zheng, H., Yuan, C., Zhang, H., Chen, Y., & Zhang, H. (2019) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2019.1632121 · Cited by 15
“these core autophagy genes are not equally employed under different autophagy induction conditions [5].”
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“Autophagy is a physiological process present in all organisms that uses catabolic processes to balance cellular energy in response to nutrient starvation and is also important for eliminating dysfunctional organelles or toxic proteins to preserve cellular homeostasis [20].”
BackgroundMethodCharacterization of Autophagic Responses in Drosophila melanogaster
Xu, T., Kumar, S., & Denton, D. (2017) · Methods in Enzymology · doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2016.09.089 · Cited by 12
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Conserved components of the macroautophagy machinery in Caenorhabditis elegans
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“The physiological function of autophagy during C. elegans development has been extensively reviewed recently (Yang and Zhang 2014; Zhang and Baehrecke 2015; Hansen et al. 2018; Palmisano and Meléndez 2019), and thus we will present only the most recent advances.”
Self-citationPhase-separated Condensates in Autophagosome Formation and Autophagy Regulation
Wang, Z., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2025.168964 · Cited by 9
Self-citationThe Incredible ULKs: Autophagy and Beyond
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“Autophagy genes also act in autophagy-independent processes, such as Atg5 and Atg7 in unconventional secretion, Epg5 in endocytic trafficking, and Atg1/Ulk1 in axon structure and guidance and in COPII vesicle transport, as demonstrated here (Zhang and Baehrecke, 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWear particles enhance autophagy through up-regulation of CD147 to promote osteoclastogenesis.
Su, B., Li, D., Xu, J., Zhang, Y., Cai, Z., Kauther, M. D., & Ma, R. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.22038/ijbms.2018.29347.7093 · Cited by 7
“Factors that induce cellular stress, such as hypoxia, accumulation of oxidative stress and caloric restriction, can induce autophagy (24, 25).”
BackgroundCrosstalk between Dpp and Tor signaling coordinates autophagy-dependent midgut degradation
Denton, D., Xu, T., Dayan, S., Nicolson, S., & Kumar, S. (2019) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-019-1368-9 · Cited by 7
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Archetypal autophagic players through new lenses for bone marrow stem/mature cells regulation
Agas, D., & Sabbieti, M. G. (2021) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.30296 · Cited by 6
“The ULK1/Atg1 and VPS34 complex regulates the initial phase of autophagosome formation, and the Ambra1‐TRAF6 interaction stabilizes the neo‐formed membranes or phagophores (Zhang & Baehrecke, 2015).”
BackgroundAutophagic Mediators in Bone Marrow Niche Homeostasis
Agas, D., & Sabbieti, M. G. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/5584_2021_666 · Cited by 6
Apoptosis and Efferocytosis in Inflammatory Diseases
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“Macroautophagy relies on autophagosome-lysosome fusion [61], a process dependent on ATG5 for vesicle formation [46].”
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Autophagy in Drosophila and Zebrafish
Duan, X., & Tong, C. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-2830-6_15 · Cited by 3
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Alive failures behind the windows of cancer therapy
Islam, M. T. (2017) · International Journal of Medicine · doi:10.14419/ijm.v5i2.7035 · Cited by 1
The Relationship Between Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Autophagic Gene Polymorphisms
Turgay, T., Pala, E., Özbas‐Gerçeker, F., Gürsoy, S., Altındağ, Ö., & Aydeniz, A. (2020) · Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis · doi:10.4274/tod.galenos.2020.58234 · Cited by 1
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“atg-7 encodes a 219 homolog of mammalian ATG7, a protein essential for conjugating a phospholipid tail onto the LC3 220 family proteins and thus for the biogenesis of both autophagosomes and LAP vesicles [10,35].”
InfluentialRegulation of Autophagy by microRNAs: Implications in Cancer Therapy
Zhu, H., & Yang, J. (2016) · Current cancer research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42740-9_4
Kargbo-Hill, S. E., & Colón‐Ramos, D. A. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/287144
“Autophagy is well conserved from yeast to mammalian cells, and is best known for its roles in cellular homeostasis (Yin et al., 2016; Zhang and Baehrecke, 2015).”
BackgroundResearch Progress of Hepatotoxicity Induced by Tripterygium wilfordii through Autophagy
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Model systems in cell death-grand challenge
Schwartz, L. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell Death · doi:10.3389/fceld.2022.1087903
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, H., & Baehrecke, E. H.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Hong
- Baehrecke, Eric H.
- Venue
- Trends in Cell Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 376-387
- ISSN
- 0962-8924 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4475674
- OpenAlex
- W2067636508
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA159314, CA159314)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM111658, GM079431, R01GM079431, R01GM111658)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI099708, R01AI099708)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism
- Keywords
- autophagy, multicellular organisms, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, autophagy-related genes, lysosomal degradation, tissue homeostasis, cell-to-cell communication, autophagy regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autophagy, Drosophila melanogaster, Gene Expression Regulation, Homeostasis, Humans, Lysosomes, Models, Biological, Organ Specificity, Protein Kinases, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Species Specificity, Ubiquitins, Signal Transduction, Caenorhabditis elegans
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