Metabolic syndrome update
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a multiplex risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. It is composed of atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance and elevated glucose, a pro-thrombotic state, and a pro-inflammatory state. Excess energy intake and concomitant obesity are the major drivers of the syndrome. Lifestyle intervention can reverse metabolic risk factors, but at times, drug therapies or bariatric surgery may be required to control more overt risk factors.
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Obesity is linked to dysregulation of lipid metabolism, which may result in abnormal levels of blood lipids, ectopic lipid deposition and associated metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic liver disease and atherosclerosis.
“Obesity is linked to dysregulation of lipid metabolism, which may result in abnormal levels of blood lipids, ectopic lipid deposition and associated metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) [8] and atherosclerosis [9].”
From Dietary lipids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Grundy, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Veterans Health Administration (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grundy, Scott M.
- ORCID
- Grundy, Scott M.
- Venue
- Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 364-373
- ISSN
- 1050-1738 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1940806157
- Semantic Scholar
- 213b6ccabbfc9cb924c2808ab9fef4e557602bad
- Cited by
- 882
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 137 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 6.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- metabolic syndrome, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypercoagulability, inflammation, obesity, energy intake, lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery
- MeSH terms
- Hypolipidemic Agents, Cardiovascular Agents, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Hypoglycemic Agents, Obesity, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, Metabolic Syndrome, Risk Reduction Behavior, Bariatric Surgery, Dyslipidemias, Atherosclerosis
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