Influence of body fat content and distribution on variation in metabolic risk
Abstract
Objectives: Several reports indicate that the body fat compartments, especially ip fat, predict metabolic risk better than total body fat. The objective of the study was to determine whether this can be confirmed and generalized throughout the population. Participants: A representative sample of 1934 Black and White women and men of the Dallas Heart Study participated in the study. Design: We measured the fat in total body, trunk, and lower body with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and in abdominal compartments (sc, ip, and retroperitoneal) with magnetic resonance imaging. Other measurements included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin (including homeostasis model), and C-reactive protein. Results: In all groups, total body fat correlated positively with key metabolic risk factors, i.e. homeostasis model, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratios, C-reactive protein, and blood pressure; however, it explained less than one third of the variability of all the risk factors. After adjustment for total body fat, truncal fat conferred additional positive correlation with risk factors. Furthermore, with multivariable regression analysis, ip fat conferred independent correlation with plasma lipids beyond a combination of other compartments including truncal fat. Still, except for insulin levels, all combinations including ip fat still explained less than one third of the variability in risk-factor levels. Conversely, lower body fat correlated negatively with risk factors; i.e. lower body fat appeared to offer some protection against risk factors. Conclusions: Body fat distribution has some influence on risk factors beyond total body fat content. Both waist circumference and BMI significantly predicted risk factors after adjustment for total body fat, and for clinical purposes, most of the predictive power for men was contained in waist circumference, whereas for women, BMI and waist circumference were similarly predictive. Finally, even though the correlations between combined body fat parameters and risk factors explained only a portion of the variation in the latter, the average number of categorical metabolic risk factors increased progressively with increasing obesity. Hence, obesity seemingly has more clinical impact than revealed in these correlative studies.
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The commonly observed relationship between increased VAT and metabolic disease is because of the correlation between VAT and IHTG.
“and suggest the commonly observed relationship between increased VAT and metabolic disease (1-4) is because of the correlation between VAT and IHTG (8)(9)(10).”
From Intrahepatic fat, not visceral fat, is linked with metabolic complications of obesity (2009) · cites this paper as [2]
Waist circumference appeared to be a better predictor of total body fat than BMI.
“waist circumference appeared to be a better predictor of total body fat than BMI (18).”
From The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance (2015) · cites this paper as [18]
Excess truncal fat further increased risk after adjusting for total body fat.
“Excess truncal fat further increased risk after adjusting for total body fat.”
From The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance (2015) · cites this paper as [18]
Lower body subcutaneous fat was protective.
“Conversely, lower body subcutaneous fat was protective”
From The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance (2015) · cites this paper as [18]
In the Dallas Heart Study, total body fat correlated with multiple metabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance.
“In the Dallas Heart Study, total body fat correlated with multiple metabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance.”
From The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance (2015) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Vega, G. L., Adams-Huet, B., Peshock, R., Willett, D., Shah, B., & Grundy, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center and the Department of Internal Medicine (G.L.V., R.P., D.W., S.M.G.), Dallas, Texas 75390
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Center for Human Nutrition (G.L.V., B.S., S.M.G.), Dallas, Texas 75390
- Corresponding author
- Grundy, Scott M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2006-11-01
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4459-4466
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2110634414
- Cited by
- 312
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 14.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000633, M01-RR0633)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- body fat distribution, intraperitoneal fat, truncal fat, metabolic risk factors, obesity, waist circumference, body mass index, plasma lipids, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, Dallas Heart Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Metabolic Syndrome, Black People, White People, Waist-Hip Ratio, Body Fat Distribution
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