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Cited by 80Diabetes Management and ResearchPancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes Management and Education

A Century of Diabetes Technology: Signals, Models, and Artificial Pancreas Control

Kovatchev, Boris·2019·Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.008
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Abstract

Arguably, diabetes mellitus is one of the best-quantified human conditions: elaborate in silico models describe the action of the human metabolic system; real-time signals such as continuous glucose monitoring are readily available; insulin delivery is being automated; and control algorithms are capable of optimizing blood glucose fluctuation in patients' natural environments. The transition of the artificial pancreas (AP) to everyday clinical use is happening now, and is contingent upon seamless concerted work of devices encompassing the patient in a digital treatment ecosystem. This review recounts briefly the story of diabetes technology, which began a century ago with the discovery of insulin, progressed through glucose monitoring and subcutaneous insulin delivery, and is now rapidly advancing towards fully automated clinically viable AP systems.

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  • The development of reliable and accurate continuous glucose monitors allowed for the possibility of integration of glucose data with pump insulin delivery and sparked interest to develop safe and effective algorithms for closed-loop systems.

    “The development of reliable and accurate continuous glucose monitors allowed for the possibility of integration of glucose data with pump insulin delivery and sparked a flurry of interest to develop safe and effective algorithms for closed-loop systems, notably championed by do-it-yourself movements from the diabetes community itself122,125.”

    From 100 years of insulin: celebrating the past, present and future of diabetes therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [122]

  • By the 1980s, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion had become a viable alternative means of delivering insulin.

    “By the 1980s, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion had become a viable alternative means of delivering insulin122.”

    From 100 years of insulin: celebrating the past, present and future of diabetes therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [122]

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Authors
Kovatchev, B.
Affiliations
University of Virginia (US)
Corresponding author
Kovatchev, Boris
ORCID
Kovatchev, Boris
Venue
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-07
Volume
30
Issue
7
Pages
432-444
ISSN
1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.008
OpenAlex
W2947163799
Cited by
80
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 2
FWCI
1.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • University of Virginia Precision Individualized Medicine for Diabetes (PrIMeD) Project
  • NIH
  • NIDDK (RO1 DK051562, RO1 DK 085623, UC4 DK108483)
  • University of Virginia
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Keywords
diabetes mellitus, artificial pancreas, insulin discovery, continuous glucose monitoring, subcutaneous insulin administration, glycemic control, digital health ecosystem
MeSH terms
Algorithms, Blood Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Pancreas, Artificial

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