Meal Simulation Model of the Glucose-Insulin System
Abstract
A simulation model of the glucose-insulin system in the postprandial state can be useful in several circumstances, including testing of glucose sensors, insulin infusion algorithms and decision support systems for diabetes. Here, we present a new simulation model in normal humans that describes the physiological events that occur after a meal, by employing the quantitative knowledge that has become available in recent years. Model parameters were set to fit the mean data of a large normal subject database that underwent a triple tracer meal protocol which provided quasi-model-independent estimates of major glucose and insulin fluxes, e.g., meal rate of appearance, endogenous glucose production, utilization of glucose, insulin secretion. By decomposing the system into subsystems, we have developed parametric models of each subsystem by using a forcing function strategy. Model results are shown in describing both a single meal and normal daily life (breakfast, lunch, dinner) in normal. The same strategy is also applied on a smaller database for extending the model to type 2 diabetes.
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The Hovorka model and the UVAPadova model were originally formulated to represent the physiological behaviour of T1DM individuals, and no modification is necessary for the purpose of the present work.
“On the contrary, the Hovorka model and the UVAPadova model were originally formulated to represent the physiological behaviour of T1DM individuals, and no modification is necessary for the purpose of the present work.”
From A comparison among three maximal mathematical models of the glucose-insulin system (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
The first simulation environment circa 2007 was based on the previously introduced Meal Model of glucose-insulin dynamics.
“The first simulation environment circa 2007 was based on the previously introduced Meal Model of glucose-insulin dynamics 47”
From Developing the UVA/Padova Type 1 Diabetes Simulator: Modeling, Validation, Refinements, and Utility (2023) · cites this paper as [47]
By 2006, the minimal model technology had evolved into elaborate quantitative understanding of the human metabolic system, allowing comprehensive description into large, nonlinear models of high order with a large number of parameters.
“Fast forward to 2006, the minimal model technology has evolved into elaborate quantitative understanding of the human metabolic system, which allowed its comprehensive description, fully implementing the body of knowledge about metabolic regulation into large, nonlinear models of high order, with a large number of parameters.47”
From Developing the UVA/Padova Type 1 Diabetes Simulator: Modeling, Validation, Refinements, and Utility (2023) · cites this paper as [47]
Historically, only the pharmacodynamics of glucagon have been included in comprehensive metabolism models.
“Historically, only the pharmacodynamics of glucagon have been included in comprehensive metabolism models, such as Sorensen's model,11 revisions of the Sorensen model,12,13 and, more recently, the Padova meal model.14”
From Pharmacokinetics Modeling of Exogenous Glucagon in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
The Hovorka model and the UVAPadova Simulator describe only the glucose metabolism of a subject with type 1 diabetes.
“While the Hovorka model and the UVAPadova Simulator only describe the glucose metabolism of a subject with type 1 diabetes, the Sorensen model was formulated to simulate the behaviour of both normal and diabetic individuals.”
From A comparison among three maximal mathematical models of the glucose-insulin system (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
The parameters of the Hovorka and UVA/Padova models are indicated for a diabetic individual.
“The parameters of the Hovorka and UVA/Padova models are instead indicated for a diabetic individual, but the more compact formulation of the Hovorka model requires fewer modifications to obtain a good fit.”
From A comparison among three maximal mathematical models of the glucose-insulin system (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
The formulation adopted in the UVAPadova model is marginally more complicated: if the parameter ka1 is set to zero and the parameter ka2 is set to the same value as the parameter kd, then the two formulations are equivalent.
“The formulation adopted in the UVAPadova model is marginally more complicated: if the parameter ka1 is set to zero and the parameter ka2 is set to same value as the parameter kd, then the two formulations are equivalent.”
From A comparison among three maximal mathematical models of the glucose-insulin system (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Dalla Man, C., Rizza, R. A., & Cobelli, C.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University of Padua (IT)
- ORCID
- Cobelli, Claudio
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1740-1749
- ISSN
- 0018-9294 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2099719924
- Cited by
- 955
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 21.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 29953)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (EB 01975, P41EB001975)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- glucose-insulin system, postprandial state, glucose flux, insulin secretion, endogenous glucose production, glucose utilization, glucose sensor, type 2 diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Computer Simulation, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glucose, Homeostasis, Humans, Insulin, Male, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Postprandial Period
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