An Integrated Multivariable Artificial Pancreas Control System
Open accessAbstract
Objective: The objective was to develop a closed-loop (CL) artificial pancreas (AP) control system that uses continuous measurements of glucose concentration and physiological variables, integrated with a hypoglycemia early alarm module to regulate glucose concentration and prevent hypoglycemia. Materials and Methods: Eleven open-loop (OL) and 9 CL experiments were performed. A multivariable adaptive artificial pancreas (MAAP) system was used for the first 6 CL experiments. An integrated multivariable adaptive artificial pancreas (IMAAP) system consisting of MAAP augmented with a hypoglycemia early alarm system was used during the last 3 CL experiments. Glucose values and physical activity information were measured and transferred to the controller every 10 minutes and insulin suggestions were entered to the pump manually. All experiments were designed to be close to real-life conditions. Results: Severe hypoglycemic episodes were seen several times during the OL experiments. With the MAAP system, the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia was decreased significantly ( P < .01). No hypoglycemia was seen with the IMAAP system. There was also a significant difference ( P < .01) between OL and CL experiments with regard to percentage of glucose concentration (54% vs 58%) that remained within target range (70-180 mg/dl). Conclusions: Integration of an adaptive control and hypoglycemia early alarm system was able to keep glucose concentration values in target range in patients with type 1 diabetes. Postprandial hypoglycemia and exercise-induced hypoglycemia did not occur when this system was used. Physical activity information improved estimation of the blood glucose concentration and effectiveness of the control system.
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Automated insulin delivery systems can potentially modify insulin dosing in response to activity monitors to reduce the risk or severity of exercise-induced hypoglycemia in people living with type 1 diabetes.
“Automated insulin delivery systems can potentially modify insulin dosing in response to activity monitors to reduce the risk (or severity) of exercise-induced hypoglycemia in people living with type 1 diabetes [7-10].”
From Accuracy of Wrist-Worn Activity Monitors During Common Daily Physical Activities and Types of Structured Exercise: Evaluation Study (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
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Self-citationHajizadeh, I., Turksoy, K., Cengiz, E., & Çınar, A. (2017) · Proceedings of the ... American Control Conference/Proceedings of the American Control Conference · doi:10.23919/acc.2017.7963761 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationMultivariate Statistical Monitoring of Sensor Faults of A Multivariable Artificial Pancreas
Turksoy, K., Hajizadeh, I., Littlejohn, E., & Çınar, A. (2017) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.2477 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationAutomated Insulin Delivery in Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Cengiz, E. (2020) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2019.10.012 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sensor fusion and distributed platform development for artificial pancreas
Lazaro, C., Oruklu, E., & Çınar, A. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology · doi:10.1109/eit.2015.7293403 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
IoT technologies combining glucose control with physiological signal: comparative study
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Performance Assessment of Model-Based Artificial Pancreas Control Systems
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Self-citationCyber-Physical Platform Development for Multivariable Artificial Pancreas Systems
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Research Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities in Automated Insulin Delivery Systems
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Security challenges and solutions for closed-loop artificial pancreas systems
Lazaro, C., Oruklu, E., & Çınar, A. (2017) · IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) · doi:10.1109/mwscas.2017.8053119 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Implementation of an artificial pancreas system on a mobile device
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Multiple-signal artificial pancreas systems
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Automated insulin delivery systems for people with type 1 diabetes
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Self-citationHardware and Software Implementation of an Artificial Pancreas System on a Mobile Device
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Self-citationPerformance of continuous glucose monitoring-based meal detection algorithms in young healthy adults
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Communication challenges in a multi-sensor closed-loop artificial pancreas system
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Self-citationBITAPS: A Mobile-Computing Assisted Artificial Pancreas Systems Control Platform
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Communication challenges in a multi-sensor closed-loop artificial pancreas system
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Multivariable AP with adaptive control
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Basal Insulin Adjustments and Continuous Glucose Monitoring During Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes
Zaharieva, D. P. (2018) · YorkSpace (York University)
Lazaro, C., Oruklu, E., Rashid, M. M., Sevil, M., Hajizadeh, I., Çınar, A., & Hajek, J. (2019) · Conference on Information Technology Education · doi:10.1145/3349266.3351363
- Authors
- Turksoy, K., Quinn, L. T., Littlejohn, E., & Cinar, A.
- Affiliations
- Illinois Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
- ORCID
- Quinn, Lauretta T.
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-04-07
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 498-507
- ISSN
- 1932-2968 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4455451
- OpenAlex
- W2120973917
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 10.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK085611)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- artificial pancreas, type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemia prevention, multivariable adaptive control, physical activity, postprandial hypoglycemia, exercise-induced hypoglycemia, continuous glucose monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems, Male, Materials Testing, Predictive Value of Tests, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Time Factors, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Multivariate Analysis, Systems Integration, Pancreas, Artificial, Young Adult, Clinical Alarms
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