Role of macrophages in the endocrine system
Abstract
Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system that play myriad roles in the body. Macrophages are known to reside in endocrine glands, and a body of evidence now suggests that these cells interact closely with endocrine cells. Immune-endocrine interactions are important in the development of endocrine glands and their functioning during physiological states, and also become key players in pathophysiological states. Through gene expression profiling, diverse subpopulations of tissue macrophages have been discovered within endocrine organs; this has important implications for disease pathogenesis and potential pharmacotherapy. The molecular basis for the crosstalk between macrophages and endocrine cells is being unraveled, and allows the identification of multiple points for pharmacologic intervention. Macrophages in adipose tissue and pancreatic islets are key players in the process of metaflammation (metabolic inflammation) that underlies the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In the ovary, they play important roles in ovarian folliculogenesis and ovulation, whereas in the male reproductive tract they regulate spermatogenesis through the regulation of steroidogenesis by Leydig cells. We summarize the diverse roles played by macrophages in the endocrine system and identify potential targets for pharmacotherapy in endocrine disorders.
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Resident macrophages and T-lymphocyte immune cells perpetuate the inflammatory situation in adipose tissue.
“It is namely resident macrophages and T-lymphocyte immune cells that perpetuate the inflammatory situation in adipose tissue [68], and dietary saturated fatty acids can be a direct source of metabolic stress that can promote inflammation by increasing TLR4 signaling.”
From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
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The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence
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“It is namely resident macrophages and T-lymphocyte immune cells that perpetuate the inflammatory situation in adipose tissue [68], and dietary saturated fatty acids can be a direct source of metabolic stress that can promote inflammation by increasing TLR4 signaling.”
Background
- Authors
- Rehman, A., Pacher, P., & Haskó, G.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haskó, György
- Venue
- Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-04
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 238-256
- ISSN
- 1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3118757543
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01DK113790, R01GM066189)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- macrophages, endocrine system, endocrine glands, macrophage heterogeneity, metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adipose tissue, pancreatic islets, ovarian follicle development, ovulation, Leydig cells, spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, pharmacotherapy targets
- MeSH terms
- Endocrine System, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Macrophages, Metabolic Syndrome, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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