Cited by 35Stress Responses and CortisolTreatment of Major DepressionTryptophan and brain disorders

Endocrine factors in key structural and intracellular changes in depression

Gold, Philip W.·2021·Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

Abstract

Endocrine disturbances play predominant roles in recently discovered, clinically relevant abnormalities in depression. These affect multiple sites in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and habenula. Deficits consist of changes in volume, neuroplasticity, neural connectivity, synapse composition, and neurogenesis. Depression is associated with endocrine-related, premature systemic disease, that results in a loss of approximately 7 years of life. CRH, glucocorticoids, somatostatin, gonadal steroids, and thyroid hormones all contribute to the deficits that largely define the pathophysiologic presentation of depression. The World Health Organization ranks depression as the second greatest cause of disability worldwide. The response rate to current antidepressants is below 60%. It is important that new knowledge about the endocrine-mediated pathophysiology of depression be communicated to provide targets for new agents.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.tem.2021.01.003

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  • Plasma levels of the adipose-derived hormone leptin negatively correlate with symptoms of anxiety and depression in women and men.

    “Plasma levels of the adipose-derived hormone leptin negatively correlate with symptoms of anxiety and depression in women and men [116].”

    From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [116]

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Authors
Gold, P. W.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Gold, Philip W.
Venue
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-04
Volume
32
Issue
4
Pages
212-223
ISSN
1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3132907245
Cited by
35
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4
FWCI
0.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords
depression, endocrine disorders, neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, neuronal connectivity, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, habenula, corticotropin-releasing factor, glucocorticoids, somatostatin, sex steroids, thyroid hormones, depression pathophysiology, antidepressant response
MeSH terms
Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Hippocampus, Humans, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Synapses, Neurogenesis

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