The nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in atherosclerosis: a potential therapeutic target for atherothrombotic vascular disease
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) is a transcription factor belonging to 'Rel' family that represents a crucial intracellular signal transduction system involved in several inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. Activation of NFκB mediated signal transduction has been established at different stages of atherosclerosis, beginning from plaque formation to its destabilization and rupture. The NFκB pathway is also involved in angiogenic, apoptotic and neoplastic processes. Experimental studies indicate that inhibition of these pathway may reduce inflammatory burden. The development of natural or pharmaceutical, selective and specific inhibitors of NFκB pathway over IκB kinase α or β, may ultimately prove to be promising anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic and antiapoptotic therapeutic instruments that could potentially reduce inflammation, attenuate atherogenesis and prevent its complications.
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Inflammatory signals such as LPS, pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, advanced glycation end products, and oxidized LDL cause IKKβ phosphorylation; this phosphorylates IκBα, leading to its ubiquitination and degradation, which releases NF-κB to enter the nucleus and induce pro-inflammatory genes.
“Extracellular inflammatory signals including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, advanced glycation end products, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein trigger the phosphorylation of IKKβ, which in turn phosphorylates IκBα for ubiquitination and degradation by proteasome [13–18].”
From Edible blue-green algae reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-κB pathway in macrophages and splenocytes (2013) · cites this paper as [16]
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Ku, C. S., Pham, T. X., Park, Y., Kim, B., Shin, M. S., Kang, I., & Lee, J. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.018 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
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Increased ROS production and DNA damage in monocytes are biomarkers of aging and atherosclerosis
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- Authors
- Pamukcu, B., Lip, G. Y. H., & Shantsila, E.
- Affiliations
- Birmingham City Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Shantsila, Eduard
- Venue
- Thrombosis Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 128
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 117-123
- ISSN
- 0049-3848 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2054805566
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Thrombosis Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- NF-κB signaling, atherosclerosis, IκB kinase inhibitors, inflammation, plaque rupture, atherogenesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, anti-inflammatory therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, Inflammation Mediators, Atherosclerosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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