Cited by 267NF-κB Signaling PathwaysSignaling Pathways in DiseaseImmune Response and Inflammation

Beyond IκBs: alternative regulation of NF‐KB activity

Neumann, Manfred, Naumann, Michael·2007·The FASEB Journal

Abstract

The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) is a crucial regulator of many physiological and patho-physiological processes, including control of the adaptive and innate immune responses, inflammation, proliferation, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis. Thus, the tight regulation of NF-kappaB activity within a cell is extremely important. The central mechanism of NF-kappaB regulation is the signal-induced proteolytic degradation of a family of cytoplasmic inhibitors of NF-kappaB, the IkappaBs. However, with the discovery of an IkappaB-independent noncanonical or "alternative" pathway of NF-kappaB activation, the importance of other regulatory mechanisms responsible for the fine-tuning of NF-kappaB became clear. Post-translational modification, especially phosphorylation, of the Rel proteins, of which dimeric NF-kappaB is composed, are such alternative regulatory mechanisms. The best analyzed example is RelA phosphorylation, which takes place at specific amino acids resulting in distinct functional changes of this gene regulatory protein. The interaction of NF-kappaB with other proteins such as glucocorticoid receptors is very important for the regulation of NF-kappaB activity. Recently, exciting new concepts of IkappaB-independent NF-kappaB control like dimer exchange and nucleolar sequestration of RelA have been described, indicating that many aspects of NF-kappaB control are waiting to be discovered.

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Crossref · 10.1096/fj.06-7615rev

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  • Modifications of p65 after translation, including phosphorylation and acetylation, change its activity by affecting DNA binding, its interaction with nuclear IκBα, and its association with chromatin modifiers like HAT and HDAC.

    “Although NF-κB nuclear translocation is the best-known mechanism for its activation [12], several lines of evidence indicate that posttranslational modifications in p65 subunit, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, impact its activity by altering DNA binding, interaction with inhibitor of κB α (IκBα) in the nucleus, and association with chromatin structure modifiers such as histone acetyltrans”

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Authors
Neumann, M., & Naumann, M.
Affiliations
Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg (DE)
Venue
The FASEB Journal
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2007-04-12
Volume
21
Issue
11
Pages
2642-2654
ISSN
  • 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
  • 1530-6860
OpenAlex
W1792654735
Cited by
267
References
100
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
FWCI
2.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (NE608/3–2, NA292/7–3)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Signaling Pathways in Disease
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords
NF-κB, p65 phosphorylation, Rel proteins, post-translational modification, glucocorticoid receptor, nucleolar sequestration, transcription factor regulation, inflammation, immune response
MeSH terms
Animals, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, Phosphorylation, Ubiquitins, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, I-kappa B Proteins, Transcription Factor RelA

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