The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A unifying view of the basis of social cognition
Abstract
In this article we provide a unifying neural hypothesis on how individuals understand the actions and emotions of others. Our main claim is that the fundamental mechanism at the basis of the experiential understanding of others' actions is the activation of the mirror neuron system. A similar mechanism, but involving the activation of viscero-motor centers, underlies the experiential understanding of the emotions of others.
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“This is an implicit, automatic system, providing physical other to self and self to other mapping, which is involved in the immediate understanding (or misunderstanding) of self and others.”
From A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder (2009) · cites this paper as Gallese, Keysers, & Rizzolatti, 2004
In the citing paper
“This is thought to be one of the key evolutionary mechanisms underpinning social empathy: knowing from the inside how someone else feels.”
From A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder (2009) · cites this paper as Gallese, Keysers, & Rizzolatti, 2004
In the citing paper
“This suggests that a fundamental process that allows us to appreciate the actions and emotions of others involves the activation of the mirror neuron system for actions and the activation of visceromotor centers for the understanding of affect.”
From A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder (2009) · cites this paper as Gallese, Keysers, & Rizzolatti, 2004
In the citing paper
“The first system involves a more body-based, frontoparietal mirror neuron system that is involved in understanding the multimodal embodied self (e.g., face and body recognition) and understanding others through motor-simulation mechanisms”
From A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder (2009) · cites this paper as Gallese, Keysers, & Rizzolatti, 2004
In the citing paper
“Mirror neurons in the motor and associative cortex of humans and monkeys discharge not only when specific actions are executed, but also when these same actions are observed in other animals or humans [Gallese et al., 2004; Keysers and Perrett, 2004].”
From Social cognition and the brain: A meta-analysis (2009) · cites this paper as Gallese et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“On the other hand, an increasing number of authors suggest that the TPJ has specific social functions of its own, in particular for identifying the goals or intentions behind behaviors, together with the aid of ''mirror neurons'' [e.g., Gallese et al., 2004; Keysers and Gazzola, 2007; Saxe and Powell, 2006; Uddin et al., 2007].”
From Social cognition and the brain: A meta-analysis (2009) · cites this paper as Gallese et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“single-cell recording studies with monkeys and fMRI studies with humans has revealed that the mirror system consists of a cortical structure involving the superior temporal sulcus (STS), the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) or parietal mirror system, and the premotor cortex (PMC) including the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) or frontal mirror system [homologous to the F5 in monkeys; Gallese et al., 2004;”
From Social cognition and the brain: A meta-analysis (2009) · cites this paper as Gallese et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“Evidence now suggests that this bodily resonance (see Glossary) can afford us a unique, first-person understanding of the experiences of others and is central to a number of social processes [7] including intention understanding [19], empathy [20], and emotion recognition [21].”
From Changing bodies changes minds: Owning another body affects social cognition (2015) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“The body is our interface with others (see e.g., Adolphs, 2009;Decety & Lamm, 2007;Gallese, Keysers, & Rizzolatti, 2004;Saxe, 2006), and therefore it is possible that social interactions shape the experience we have of our body (Ambrosini, Blomberg, Mandrigin, & Costantini, 2013;Cardellicchio, Sinigaglia, & Costantini, 2012;Cardini, Tajadura-Jimenez, Serino, & Tsakiris, 2012;Costantini, Ambrosini,”
From Bodily ownership and self-location: Components of bodily self-consciousness (2013) · cites this paper as Gallese et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“These results suggest that our ability to empathize relies on neuronal systems that underpin our own bodily and emotional states1,2,10,13.”
From Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others (2006) · cites this paper as [2]
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Metadata
- Authors
- GALLESE, V, KEYSERS, C., & RIZZOLATTI, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Parma (IT)
- Corresponding author
- RIZZOLATTI, G
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 396-403
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2025642716
- Cited by
- 2,236
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 92 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 131 · 2015: 117 · 2014: 105 · 2013: 126 · 2012: 158
- FWCI
- 119.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Science Foundation
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Keywords
- social cognition, mirror neuron system, theory of mind, emotional understanding, action understanding, neural basis of social cognition, experiential understanding
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Amygdala, Animals, Haplorhini, Behavior, Animal, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurons, Psychomotor Performance, Social Behavior, Social Perception
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