State-dependency in brain stimulation studies of perception and cognition
Abstract
We address the importance of understanding initial states of neuronal populations and of state-dependent responses in cognitive neuroscience experiments with special emphasis on brain stimulation studies of perception and cognition. The approach we present is based on evidence that behavioural and perceptual effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are determined by initial neural activation state; by systematically manipulating neural activation states before application of TMS, one can selectively target specific, even spatially overlapping neural populations within the affected region. This approach is potentially of great benefit to cognitive neuroscience and remediation programmes as it combines high spatial and functional resolution with the ability to assess causality.
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The neural state at the time of stimulation or baseline cortical excitation-inhibition levels may influence stimulation effects, with those with suboptimal basal neural states likely to benefit more than those who already have an optimal activation pattern.
“It has been suggested that the neural state at the time of stimulation (Silvanto et al., 2008) or baseline cortical excitation-inhibition levels may influence stimulation effects (Krause et al., 2013), with those with suboptimal basal neural states likely to benefit more than those who already have an optimal activation pattern.”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Silvanto et al., 2008
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- Authors
- Silvanto, J., Muggleton, N., & Walsh, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Essex (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Silvanto, Juha
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 447-454
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2148739270
- Cited by
- 572
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH R01 NS33975, R01NS033975)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- state dependence, transcranial magnetic stimulation, perception, cognition, causal inference, neuronal populations, cognitive remediation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Arousal, Attention, Behavior, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cats, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition, Color Perception, Dominance, Cerebral, Electroencephalography, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons, Perception, Phosphenes, Saccades, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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