Augmentation of working memory training by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
Open accessAbstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) can modulate working memory (WM) performance. However, evidence regarding the enhancement of WM training, its sustainability and transferability is ambiguous. Since WM functioning appears to be lateralized in respect to stimulus characteristics, this study examined the difference between task-congruent (spatial-right, verbal-left), task-incongruent (spatial-left, verbal-right) and sham tDCS in regards to the efficacy of WM training. In a randomized, sham-controlled experiment, 71 healthy adults trained on a spatial or verbal adaptive n-back task. After a baseline session, anodal or sham tDCS (1 mA) to the right or left dlPFC was applied during the next three training sessions. Sustainability of training gains and near-transfer (verbal or spatial 3-back task) were tested in a fourth training and a follow-up session. Compared to sham stimulation, we found a steeper learning curve when WM training was combined with task-congruent tDCS. This advantage was also present compared to task-incongruent tDCS. Moreover, these effects lasted for up to nine months and transferred to the respective untrained task. These long-lasting, transferable, task-specific effects demonstrate a behaviorally relevant and sustainable facilitation of neuroplastic processes by tDCS that could be harnessed for the treatment of disorders associated with deficient WM.
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Combining tDCS with cognitive training has demonstrated additive effects on cognitive and functional abilities in younger and older adults.
“Combining tDCS with cognitive training has demonstrated additive effects on cognitive and functional abilities in younger [30–32] and older adults [33–36].”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
The Abstract reports that, in 71 healthy adults, task-congruent tDCS improved working-memory training gains and performance on an untrained task compared with sham stimulation. The Methods (Subjects; page not available) give a mean age of 24.45 years, and the Discussion reports prior transfer findings in older adults. The paper does not establish improvement in functional abilities for both age groups; its own measured outcomes were working-memory tasks. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Ruf, S. P., Fallgatter, A. J., & Plewnia, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Plewnia, Christian
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2017-04-21
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 876-876
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5430723
- OpenAlex
- W2604508934
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 9.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (GCBS/FKZ01EE1403D, ESPRIT/FKZ 01EE1407H, FKZ 01EE1407H, 01EE1407H, FKZ 01EE1403D, 01EE1403D)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, working memory training, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, n-back task, transfer of training, neuroplasticity, learning curve, sham stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Prefrontal Cortex, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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