Magnetically induced phosphenes in sighted, blind and blindsighted observers
Abstract
Direct stimulation of visual cortex can produce illusory flashes of light, called phosphenes. Here we describe the spatial and motion properties of phosphenes produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal subjects and in two subjects with peripheral or cortical blindness. The totally retinally blind subject experienced normal phosphenes, apart from their concentration in the centre of the visual field, whereas the hemianopic subject, lacking area V1, did not experience phosphenes when his surviving extrastriate visual areas were stimulated. In the absence of V1, magnetically induced activity was unable to generate a conscious visual percept in the field defect.
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TMS of occipital visual areas can induce tactile sensations in Braille readers, similarly to visual phosphenes in the sighted.
“Moreover, TMS of occipital visual areas can induce tactile sensations in Braille readers, similarly to visual phosphenes in the sighted (Cowey & Walsh, 2000; Penfield & Boldrey, 1937; Tehovnik et al.,2005).”
From Designing sensory-substitution devices: Principles, pitfalls and potential1 (2016) · cites this paper as Cowey & Walsh, 2000
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Holmes, N. P., Tamè, L., Beeching, P., Medford, M., Rakova, M., Stuart, A., & Zeni, S. (2018) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00641.2018 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cowey, A., & Walsh, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- ORCID
- Walsh, Vincent
- Venue
- NeuroReport
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 3269-3273
- ISSN
- 0959-4965 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2084229861
- Cited by
- 221
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroreport (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- phosphenes, transcranial magnetic stimulation, blindsight, cortical blindness, hemianopia, visual cortex, primary visual cortex, visual perception, visual field defects
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Electric Stimulation, Humans, Magnetics, Male, Middle Aged, Phosphenes, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Blindness, Cortical, Optic Nerve Injuries
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