Archaeal Histone Contributions to the Origin of Eukaryotes
Open accessAbstract
The eukaryotic lineage arose from bacterial and archaeal cells that underwent a symbiotic merger. At the origin of the eukaryote lineage, the bacterial partner contributed genes, metabolic energy, and the building blocks of the endomembrane system. What did the archaeal partner donate that made the eukaryotic experiment a success? The archaeal partner provided the potential for complex information processing. Archaeal histones were crucial in that regard by providing the basic functional unit with which eukaryotes organize DNA into nucleosomes, exert epigenetic control of gene expression, transcribe genes with CCAAT-box promoters, and a manifest cell cycle with condensed chromosomes. While mitochondrial energy lifted energetic constraints on eukaryotic protein production, histone-based chromatin organization paved the path to eukaryotic genome complexity, a critical hurdle en route to the evolution of complex cells.
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The origin of the modern eukaryotic cell was dependent on the origin of histone-like proteins in the archaeal partner and oxidative phosphorylation in the bacterial partner.
“The origin of the modern eukaryotic cell was dependent on the origin of histone-like proteins in the archaeal partner [19], and oxidative phosphorylation in the bacterial partner [20,21]”
From Opinion: The Key Steps in the Origin of Life to the Formation of the Eukaryotic Cell (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
The genetic core in the emerging nucleus became organized into chromosomes built around histone proteins provided by the archaeon and contains a mixture of genes from the archaeal partner and genes transferred from the developing mitochondria.
“The genetic core in the emerging nucleus became organized into chromosomes built around histone proteins provided by archaeon [19] and contains a mixture of genes from the archaeal partner and genes transferred from the developing mitochondria (bacterial partner) [21,161,162].”
From Opinion: The Key Steps in the Origin of Life to the Formation of the Eukaryotic Cell (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
Eukaryotic DNA is organized into linear chromosomes composed of chromatin facilitated by histones, DNA binding proteins that form regular compact structures.
“Eukaryotic DNA is organized into linear chromosomes composed of chromatin facilitated by histones, DNA binding proteins that form regular compact structures [19].”
From Opinion: The Key Steps in the Origin of Life to the Formation of the Eukaryotic Cell (2024) · cites this paper as [19]
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Isolation of an archaeon at the prokaryote–eukaryote interface
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Phenomenal Consciousness and Emergence: Eliminating the Explanatory Gap
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“For accounts of this evolutionary sequence of emergent features, see Lane and Martin (2010), Feinberg and Mallatt (2016a), Brunet et al. (2019), Brunk and Martin (2019), and Watson (2019).”
BackgroundTCA cycle signalling and the evolution of eukaryotes
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Histone variants in archaea and the evolution of combinatorial chromatin complexity
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Archaeal chromatin ‘slinkies’ are inherently dynamic complexes with deflected DNA wrapping pathways
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Endosymbiotic selective pressure at the origin of eukaryotic cell biology
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Bacterial Genes Outnumber Archaeal Genes in Eukaryotic Genomes
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Self-citationNucleosome Positioning and Spacing: From Mechanism to Function
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Evidence for a Syncytial Origin of Eukaryotes from Ancestral State Reconstruction
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PGC‐1α protects from myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury by regulating mitonuclear communication
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An archaeal histone-like protein regulates gene expression in response to salt stress
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Evolution, structure and function of divergent macroH2A1 splice isoforms
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Nucleosomes at the Dawn of Eukaryotes
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Archaeal histone-based chromatin structures regulate transcription elongation rates
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Histone Sample Preparation for Bottom-Up Mass Spectrometry: A Roadmap to Informed Decisions
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Histone clipping: the punctuation in the histone code
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Renewing L innaean taxonomy: a proposal to restructure the highest levels of the N atural S ystem
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DNA cytosine methylation suppresses meiotic recombination at the sex-determining region
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Opinion: The Key Steps in the Origin of Life to the Formation of the Eukaryotic Cell
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“Eukaryotic DNA is organized into linear chromosomes composed of chromatin facilitated by histones, DNA binding proteins that form regular compact structures [19].”
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An experimental design to extract more information from MS-based histone studies
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Creating a bacterium that forms eukaryotic nucleosome core particles
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The contours of evolution: In defence of Darwin's tree of life paradigm
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Self-assembling viral histones unravel early nucleosome evolutionPreprint
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Syncytia: From a Historical Resumption to Epigenetic Advances
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Role of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during bacterial infection
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The promise of omics approaches for pediatric drug development
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Moonlighting Proteins of Human and Some Other Eukaryotes. Evolutionary Aspects
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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Isolation of an archaeon at the prokaryote-eukaryote interface.
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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Isolation of an archaeon at the prokaryote-eukaryote interface.
Galperin, M. Y. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.737211418.793572907
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General Characteristics and Properties of Organic Life
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ArchLips: A comprehensive in silico database for high-throughput identification of archaeal lipidsPreprint
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Emergence of histone-based chromatin complexity in Asgard archaeaPreprint
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- Authors
- Brunk, C. F., & Martin, W. F.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Martin, William F.
- ORCID
- Martin, William F.
- Venue
- Trends in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 703-714
- ISSN
- 0966-842X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2944327922
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Volkswagen Foundation
- European Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Keywords
- archaeal histones, eukaryotic origin, endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotes, nucleosome, chromatin organization, epigenetic regulation, cell cycle, chromosome condensation, genome complexity, eukaryotic evolution
- MeSH terms
- Archaea, DNA, Eukaryotic Cells, Biological Evolution, Histones, Mitochondria, Symbiosis
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