The DOI matches its Crossref record; 101 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A ‘GAG’ reflex prevents repair of the damaged CNS
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of the central nervous system (CNS) serves as both a supporting structure for cells and a rich source of signaling molecules that can influence cell proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. A large proportion of this matrix is composed of proteoglycans--proteins with long chains of polysaccharides, called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), covalently attached. Although many of the activities of proteoglycans depend on their core proteins, GAGs themselves can influence cell signaling. Here we review accumulating evidence that two GAGs, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan, play essential roles during nervous system development but also accumulate in chronic CNS lesions and inhibit axonal regeneration and remyelination, making them significant hindrances to CNS repair. We propose that the balance between the synthesis and degradation of these molecules dictates, in part, how regeneration and recovery from CNS damage occurs.
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“These chondroitin sulfate side chains are a type of GAG polysaccharide consisting of disaccharide blocks of N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid (Sherman and Back, 2007).”
From The Perineuronal ‘Safety’ Net? Perineuronal Net Abnormalities in Neurological Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as Sherman and Back, 2007
Citations
Cites
Regeneration beyond the glial scar
Silver, J., & Miller, J. H. (2004) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1326 · Cited by 3,151
CD44: From adhesion molecules to signalling regulators
Ponta, H., Sherman, L. S., & Herrlich, P. A. (2003) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm1004 · Cited by 2,458
Self-citationReactivation of Ocular Dominance Plasticity in the Adult Visual Cortex
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Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis
Pekny, M., & Nilsson, M. (2005) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20207 · Cited by 1,611
LYVE-1, a New Homologue of the CD44 Glycoprotein, Is a Lymph-specific Receptor for Hyaluronan
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Regulation of lung injury and repair by Toll-like receptors and hyaluronan
Jiang, D., Liang, J., Fan, J., Yu, S., Chen, S., Luo, Y., Prestwich, G. D., Mascarenhas, M. M., Garg, H. G., Quinn, D. A., et al. (2005) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1315 · Cited by 1,401
Oligosaccharides of Hyaluronan Activate Dendritic Cells via Toll-like Receptor 4
Termeer, C., Benedix, F., Sleeman, J., Fieber, C., Voith, U., Ahrens, T., Miyake, K., Freudenberg, M., Galanos, C., & Simon, J. C. (2002) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20001858 · Cited by 1,378
McKeon, R., Schreiber, R., Rudge, J., & Silver, J. (1991) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-11-03398.1991 · Cited by 1,188
Extracellular space structure revealed by diffusion analysis
Nicholson, C., & Syková, E. (1998) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01261-2 · Cited by 914
Hyaluronan in Tissue Injury and Repair
Jiang, D., Liang, J., & Noble, P. W. (2007) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123337 · Cited by 835
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The Pathobiology of Vascular Dementia
Iadecola, C. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.008 · Cited by 1,857
“HA is a component of the matrix and is involved in neurodevelopment promoting neuronal migration (Sherman and Back, 2008).”
Pathophysiology of the brain extracellular matrix: a new target for remyelination
Lau, L. W., Cua, R., Keough, M. B., Haylock-Jacobs, S., & Yong, V. W. (2013) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3550 · Cited by 549
Arrested preoligodendrocyte maturation contributes to myelination failure in premature infants
Buser, J. R., Maire, J. J., Riddle, A., Gong, X., Nguyen, T. D., Nelson, K., Luo, N. L., Ren, J., Struve, J. N., Sherman, L. S., et al. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22627 · Cited by 447
Self-citationBrain injury in premature neonates: A primary cerebral dysmaturation disorder?
Back, S. A., & Miller, S. P. (2014) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24132 · Cited by 360
Self-citationArrested oligodendrocyte lineage maturation in chronic perinatal white matter injury
Segovia, K. N., McClure, M., Moravec, M., Luo, N. L., Wan, Y., Gong, X., Riddle, A., Craig, A., Struve, J., Sherman, L. S., et al. (2008) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21359 · Cited by 340
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sherman, L. S., & Back, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Oregon National Primate Research Center (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 44-52
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2027830942
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS056234, NS056234, R01NS054044, NS054044)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Spinal Cord Injury Research
- Keywords
- glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans, extracellular matrix, central nervous system repair, axon regeneration, remyelination, central nervous system injury, brain development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Chondroitin, Extracellular Matrix, Glycosaminoglycans, Humans, Hyaluronic Acid, Neurons
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