The role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in regeneration and plasticity in the central nervous system
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) consist of a core protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. There is enormous structural diversity among CSPGs due to variation in the core protein, the number of GAG chains and the extent and position of sulfation. Most CSPGs are secreted from cells and participate in the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). CSPGs are able to interact with various growth-active molecules and this may be important in their mechanism of action. In the normal central nervous system (CNS), CSPGs have a role in development and plasticity during postnatal development and in the adult. Plasticity is greatest in the young, especially during critical periods. CSPGs are crucial components of perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs have a role in closure of the critical period and digestion of PNNs allows their re-opening. In the adult, CSPGs play a part in learning and memory and the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. CSPGs have an important role in CNS injuries and diseases. After CNS injury, CSPGs are the major inhibitory component of the glial scar. Removal of CSPGs improves axonal regeneration and functional recovery. CSPGs may also be involved in the pathological processes in diseases such as epilepsy, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Several possible methods of manipulating CSPGs in the CNS have recently been identified. The development of methods to remove CSPGs has considerable therapeutic potential in a number of CNS disorders.
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Among CSPGs, lectican family members including aggrecan, versican, neurocan, and brevican are principal constituents of PNNs.
“Among CSPGs, lectican family members including aggrecan, versican, neurocan, and brevican are principal constituents of PNNs (Galtrey and Fawcett, 2007;Kwok et al., 2011).”
From Casting a Wide Net: Role of Perineuronal Nets in Neural Plasticity (2016) · cites this paper as Galtrey and Fawcett, 2007
Mature PNNs are inhibitory for experience-dependent plasticity; their increase correlates with critical period termination and removal in adult V1 restores plasticity.
“Mature PNN is inhibitory for experience-dependent plasticity: its increase in developing V1 correlates with the termination of the critical period and its removal in adult V1 restores plasticity (27,31,32).”
From MeCP2 regulates the timing of critical period plasticity that shapes functional connectivity in primary visual cortex (2015) · cites this paper as [31]
The core structure of PNNs consists of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans of the lectican family, hyaluronan, tenascins, particularly tenascin-R, and link proteins for stabilization.
“The core structure of PNNs consists of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) of the lectican family17,18, hyaluronan19,20, tenascins, particularly tenascin-R (TnR)21,22 and link proteins23,24 for stabilization.”
From Elimination of the four extracellular matrix molecules tenascin-C, tenascin-R, brevican and neurocan alters the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory synapses (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Galtrey, C. M., & Fawcett, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fawcett, James W.
- ORCID
- Fawcett, James W.
- Venue
- Brain Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-18
- ISSN
- 0165-0173 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2069377303
- Cited by
- 575
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (070467)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Keywords
- chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, central nervous system plasticity, perineuronal nets, critical period, extracellular matrix, glial scar, axon regeneration, central nervous system injury, epilepsy, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, learning and memory, hypothalamic-pituitary-neurohypophyseal system, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Diseases, Central Nervous System, Cicatrix, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Nerve Regeneration, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans, Molecular Structure
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