Cited by 116Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans researchNerve injury and regenerationSpinal Cord Injury Research

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A ‘GAG’ reflex prevents repair of the damaged CNS

Sherman, Larry S., Back, Stephen A.·2008·Trends in Neurosciences

DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2007.11.001

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Abstract

The extracellular matrix of the central nervous system (CNS) serves as both a supporting structure for cells and a rich source of signaling molecules that can influence cell proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. A large proportion of this matrix is composed of proteoglycans--proteins with long chains of polysaccharides, called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), covalently attached. Although many of the activities of proteoglycans depend on their core proteins, GAGs themselves can influence cell signaling. Here we review accumulating evidence that two GAGs, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan, play essential roles during nervous system development but also accumulate in chronic CNS lesions and inhibit axonal regeneration and remyelination, making them significant hindrances to CNS repair. We propose that the balance between the synthesis and degradation of these molecules dictates, in part, how regeneration and recovery from CNS damage occurs.

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Authors: Sherman, L. S., & Back, S. A.
Affiliations: Oregon National Primate Research Center (US)
Oregon Health & Science University (US)
ORCID: Sherman, Larry S.
Back, Stephen A.
Venue: Trends in Neurosciences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-01
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Pages: 44-52
ISSN: 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2007.11.001
OpenAlex: W2027830942
Cited by: 116
References: 101
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 0.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS056234, NS056234, R01NS054044, NS054044)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Spinal Cord Injury Research
Keywords: glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans, extracellular matrix, central nervous system repair, axon regeneration, remyelination, central nervous system injury, brain development
MeSH terms: Animals, Central Nervous System, Chondroitin, Extracellular Matrix, Glycosaminoglycans, Humans, Hyaluronic Acid, Neurons

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