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Pattern separation in the hippocampus
Open accessAbstract
The ability to discriminate among similar experiences is a crucial feature of episodic memory. This ability has long been hypothesized to require the hippocampus, and computational models suggest that it is dependent on pattern separation. However, empirical data for the role of the hippocampus in pattern separation have not been available until recently. This review summarizes data from electrophysiological recordings, lesion studies, immediate-early gene imaging, transgenic mouse models, as well as human functional neuroimaging, that provide convergent evidence for the involvement of particular hippocampal subfields in this key process. We discuss the impact of aging and adult neurogenesis on pattern separation, and also highlight several challenges to linking across species and approaches, and suggest future directions for investigation.
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“Mossy fiber “detonator” synapses arising from DG granule cells strongly activate the CA3 region and are involved in a variety of neurological functions, including memory and spatial representations [6], [64].”
From Arf4 Determines Dentate Gyrus-Mediated Pattern Separation by Regulating Dendritic Spine Development (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, the ability to discriminate among similar experiences is a crucial feature of episodic memory [127].”
From First-person view of one’s body in immersive virtual reality: Influence on episodic memory (2019) · cites this paper as [127]
In the citing paper
“A process known as pattern separation [G] 65,66 keeps cognitive maps and gists distinct from one another, but they can work in concert with schemas to aid in navigation 38 .”
From From cognitive maps to spatial schemas (2023) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“Also, the hippocampus, and particularly the DG, is crucial in selecting and separating similar events in space and time, and hence pattern separation is a main function attributed to the hippocampus (Yassa and Stark, 2011; Oomen et al., 2013, 2014).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Yassa and Stark, 2011
In the citing paper
“Also, the hippocampus, and particularly the DG, is crucial in selecting and separating similar events in space and time, and hence pattern separation is a main function attributed to the hippocampus (Yassa and Stark, 2011; Oomen et al., 2013, 2014).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Yassa and Stark, 2011
In the citing paper
“points above the identity line indicate pattern completion, whereas points below the identity line suggest pattern separation 87 , 88 .”
From Developmental emergence of sparse and structured synaptic connectivity in the hippocampal CA3 memory circuit (2026) · cites this paper as [88]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yassa, M. A., & Stark, C. E. L.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yassa, Michael A.
- Stark, Craig E.L.
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 515-525
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3183227
- OpenAlex
- W2105089471
- Cited by
- 1,544
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 137 · 2025: 133 · 2024: 140 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 134 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 108 · 2017: 101 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 4.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG034613)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- pattern separation, hippocampus, episodic memory, hippocampal subfields, aging, adult neurogenesis, lesion studies, electrophysiology, immediate early genes, transgenic mouse model, functional neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electrophysiology, Hippocampus, Humans, Memory, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Genes, Immediate-Early, Functional Neuroimaging
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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