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Neural Circuits of Interoception
Open accessAbstract
The present paper considers recent progress in our understanding of the afferent/ascending neural pathways and neural circuits of interoception. Of particular note is the extensive role of rostral neural systems, including cortical systems, in the recognition of internal body states, and the reciprocal role of efferent/descending systems in the regulation of those states. Together these reciprocal interacting networks entail interoceptive circuits that play an important role in a broad range of functions beyond the homeostatic maintenance of physiological steady-states. These include the regulation of behavioral, cognitive, and affective processes across conscious and nonconscious levels of processing. We highlight recent advances and knowledge gaps that are important for accelerating progress in the study of interoception.
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“Therefore, precision signals (the third principle) tune the different incoming predictions and prediction errors through engagement of the salience network.[113][114][115]”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Berntson, G. G., & Khalsa, S. S.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Berntson, Gary G.
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17-28
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8054704
- OpenAlex
- W3116371286
- Cited by
- 419
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 26
- FWCI
- 5.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Ohio State University Emeritus Academy
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH112949)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM121312)
- the William K. Warren Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- interoception, neural circuits, homeostasis, emotional processing, cognitive processes, behavioral regulation
- MeSH terms
- Awareness, Homeostasis, Humans, Neural Pathways, Interoception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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