Cited by 419Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlTactile and Sensory Interactions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 119 of the 120 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Neural Circuits of Interoception

Open access

Berntson, Gary G., Khalsa, Sahib S.·2021·Trends in Neurosciences

DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.011PMC PMC8054704

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The present paper considers recent progress in our understanding of the afferent/ascending neural pathways and neural circuits of interoception. Of particular note is the extensive role of rostral neural systems, including cortical systems, in the recognition of internal body states, and the reciprocal role of efferent/descending systems in the regulation of those states. Together these reciprocal interacting networks entail interoceptive circuits that play an important role in a broad range of functions beyond the homeostatic maintenance of physiological steady-states. These include the regulation of behavioral, cognitive, and affective processes across conscious and nonconscious levels of processing. We highlight recent advances and knowledge gaps that are important for accelerating progress in the study of interoception.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.011

Cites

119 of 119 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The Integrative Action of the Nervous System.
Sherrington, C. (1907) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-190734120-00021 · Cited by 4,136
Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses
Ulrich-Lai, Y. M., & Herman, J. P. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2647 · Cited by 3,318
Piezo1 and Piezo2 Are Essential Components of Distinct Mechanically Activated Cation Channels
Coste, B., Mathur, J., Schmidt, M., Earley, T. J., Ranade, S., Petrus, M. J., Dubin, A. E., & Patapoutian, A. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1193270 · Cited by 3,316
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation
Wang, H., Yu, M., Ochani, M., Amella, C. A., Tanovic, M., Susarla, S., Li, J. H., Wang, H., Yang, H., Ulloa, L., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01339 · Cited by 3,228
The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex
Shackman, A. J., Salomons, T. V., Slagter, H. A., Fox, A. S., Winter, J. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2994 · Cited by 2,082
Knowing your own heart: Distinguishing interoceptive accuracy from interoceptive awareness
Garfinkel, S. N., Seth, A. K., Barrett, A. B., Suzuki, K., & Critchley, H. D. (2015) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.11.004 · Cited by 1,624
The Central Autonomic Network: Functional Organization, Dysfunction, and Perspective
BENARROCH, E. E. (1993) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62272-1 · Cited by 1,534
Interoception and Mental Health: A Roadmap.
Khalsa, S. S., Adolphs, R., Cameron, O. G., Critchley, H. D., Davenport, P. W., Feinstein, J. S., Feusner, J. D., Garfinkel, S. N., Lane, R. D., Mehling, W. E., et al. (2018) · Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.12.004 · Cited by 1,453 · cited 1×
“However, there are multiple features of interoceptive awareness [7,97], of which perceptual accuracy is only one component (Figure 1).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
From blood–brain barrier to blood–brain interface: new opportunities for CNS drug delivery
Banks, W. A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2015.21 · Cited by 1,204
Reflex control of immunity
Tracey, K. J. (2009) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2566 · Cited by 1,154 · cited 14×
“Future research should be addressed at (i) further elaborating the multisynaptic pathways and circuits connecting the CNS with the internal organs of the body, (ii) clarifying the ascending interoceptive pathways linking the NTS and spinal afferents with higher order regions of the CNS, (iii) understanding how interac…”
BackgroundInfluential
Transcranial focused ultrasound modulates the activity of primary somatosensory cortex in humans
Legon, W., Sato, T. F., Opitz, A., Mueller, J., Barbour, A. J., Williams, A., & Tyler, W. J. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3620 · Cited by 1,008
A gut-brain neural circuit for nutrient sensory transduction
Kaelberer, M. M., Buchanan, K. L., Klein, M. E., Barth, B. B., Montoya, M. M., Shen, X., & Bohórquez, D. V. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat5236 · Cited by 932
Enterochromaffin cells are gut chemosensors that couple to sensory neural pathways
Bellono, N. W., Bayrer, J. R., Leitch, D. B., Castro, J., Zhang, C., O’Donnell, T. A., Brierley, S. M., Ingraham, H. A., & Julius, D. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.034 · Cited by 910
The Integrative Action of the Nervous System.
Freeman, F. N., & SHERRINGTON, S. C. (1907) · The Journal of Philosophy Psychology and Scientific Methods · doi:10.2307/2010953 · Cited by 906
The cell biology of taste
Chaudhari, N., & Roper, S. D. (2010) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201003144 · Cited by 892
The central autonomic nervous system: conscious visceral perception and autonomic pattern generation
Saper, C. B. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.032502.111311 · Cited by 837
Regulation of Body Temperature by the Nervous System
Tan, C. L., & Knight, Z. A. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.022 · Cited by 834
Glucose Sensing in L Cells: A Primary Cell Study
Reimann, F., Habib, A. M., Tolhurst, G., Parker, H. E., Rogers, G. J., & Gribble, F. M. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.11.002 · Cited by 733 · cited 1×
“These models allowed the profiling of chemo-, thermo-, and mechanoreceptors in these cells [55,56].”
Method
The emerging science of Interoception: sensing, integrating, interpreting, and regulating signals within the self
Chen, W. G., Schloesser, D., Arensdorf, A. M., Simmons, J. M., Cui, C., Valentino, R., Gnadt, J. W., Nielsen, L., Hillaire-Clarke, C. S., Spruance, V., et al. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.007 · Cited by 707
Toward a Wiring Diagram Understanding of Appetite Control
Andermann, M. L., & Lowell, B. B. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.014 · Cited by 633
The gut as a sensory organ
Furness, J. B., Rivera, L. R., Cho, H., Bravo, D. M., & Callaghan, B. P. (2013) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2013.180 · Cited by 584
Interoception: The Inside Story—A Model for Psychosomatic Processes
Cameron, O. G. (2001) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200109000-00001 · Cited by 535
Untitled work
(2018) · Pantheon Books · Cited by 529
Epidermal Merkel Cells are Mechanosensory Cells that Tune Mammalian Touch Receptors
Maksimovic, S., Nakatani, M., Baba, Y., Nelson, A. M., Marshall, K. L., Wellnitz, S. A., Firozi, P., Woo, S.-H., Ranade, S. S., Patapoutian, A., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13250 · Cited by 524
PIEZOs mediate neuronal sensing of blood pressure and the baroreceptor reflex
Zeng, W.-Z., Marshall, K. L., Min, S., Daou, I., Chapleau, M. W., Abboud, F. M., Liberles, S. D., & Patapoutian, A. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau6324 · Cited by 492
Neuroepithelial circuit formed by innervation of sensory enteroendocrine cells
Bohórquez, D. V., Shahid, R. A., Erdmann, A., Kreger, A. M., Wang, Y., Calakos, N., Wang, F., & Liddle, R. A. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci78361 · Cited by 484 · cited 2×
“5-positive sensory nerves in the intestinal mucosa [57], and in the colon these cells synapse using serotonin to transduce noxious stimuli onto spinal nerves [58].”
Background
Fundamental Neuroscience
(2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2010-0-65035-8 · Cited by 467
Peripheral thermosensation in mammals
Vriens, J., Nilius, B., & Voets, T. (2014) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3784 · Cited by 453
Molecular and functional neuroscience in immunity
Pavlov, V. A., Chavan, S. S., & Tracey, K. J. (2018) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053158 · Cited by 444
Food Reward in the Absence of Taste Receptor Signaling
de Araujo, I. E., Oliveira-Maia, A. J., Sotnikova, T. D., Gainetdinov, R. R., Caron, M. G., Nicolelis, M. A. L., & Simon, S. A. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.032 · Cited by 431
The hypothalamus
Saper, C. B., & Lowell, B. B. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.023 · Cited by 423
Monocyte trafficking to the brain with stress and inflammation: a novel axis of immune-to-brain communication that influences mood and behavior
Wohleb, E. S., McKim, D. B., Sheridan, J. F., & Godbout, J. P. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00447 · Cited by 420
Visceral Signals Shape Brain Dynamics and Cognition
Azzalini, D., Rebollo, I., & Tallon-Baudry, C. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.03.007 · Cited by 409
Neuronal network activity controls microglial process surveillance in awake mice via norepinephrine signaling
Liu, Y., Ying, Y., Li, Y., Eyo, U. B., Chen, T., Zheng, J., Umpierre, A. D., Zhu, J., Bosco, D. B., Dong, H., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0511-3 · Cited by 401
The pathways of interoceptive awareness
Khalsa, S. S., Rudrauf, D., Feinstein, J. S., & Tranel, D. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2411 · Cited by 387
Self-citation
Specialized cutaneous Schwann cells initiate pain sensation
Abdo, H., Calvo-Enrique, L., Martínez‐López, J. A., Song, J., Zhang, M.-D., Usoskin, D., Manira, A. E., Adameyko, I. I., Hjerling‐Leffler, J., & Ernfors, P. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax6452 · Cited by 374
Can interoception improve the pragmatic search for biomarkers in psychiatry?
Khalsa, S. S., & Lapidus, R. C. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00121 · Cited by 366
Self-citation
On the origin of interoception
Ceunen, E., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Van Diest, I. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00743 · Cited by 329
A whole-brain connectivity map of mouse insular cortex
Gehrlach, D. A., Weiand, C., Gaitanos, T. N., Cho, E., Klein, A. S., Hennrich, A. A., Conzelmann, K.-K., & Gogolla, N. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.55585 · Cited by 326
The gut–brain axis mediates sugar preference
Tan, H.-E., Sisti, A. C., Jin, H., Vignovich, M., Villavicencio, M., Tsang, K. S., Goffer, Y., & Zuker, C. S. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2199-7 · Cited by 321
Homeostatic circuits selectively gate food cue responses in insular cortex
Livneh, Y., Ramesh, R. N., Burgess, C. R., Levandowski, K. M., Madara, J. C., Fenselau, H., Goldey, G. J., Diaz, V. E., Jikomes, N., Resch, J. M., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature22375 · Cited by 316 · cited 1×
“These areas include the parabrachial nucleus [34,35], thalamus [36], hypothalamus [37], hippocampus [38–40], amygdala [41], insula [42,43], primary and secondary somatosensory cortex [44,45], anterior cingulate cortex [46,47], and the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices [48,49] (Figure 2).”
Background
Aversive state processing in the posterior insular cortex
Gehrlach, D. A., Dolensek, N., Klein, A. S., Roy Chowdhury, R., Matthys, A., Junghänel, M., Gaitanos, T. N., Podgornik, A., Black, T. D., Reddy Vaka, N., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0469-1 · Cited by 303
Parabrachial Complex: A Hub for Pain and Aversion
Chiang, M. C., Bowen, A. J., Schier, L. A., Tupone, D., Uddin, O., & Heinricher, M. M. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1162-19.2019 · Cited by 289
Functions of interoception: From energy regulation to experience of the self
Quigley, K. S., Kanoski, S., Grill, W. M., Barrett, L. F., & Tsakiris, M. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.008 · Cited by 286
Neuronal regulation of immunity: why, how and where?
Schiller, M., Ben-Shaanan, T. L., & Rolls, A. (2020) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0387-1 · Cited by 284
Interoception, homeostatic emotions and sympathovagal balance
Strigo, I. A., & Craig, A. D. (. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0010 · Cited by 281
Diseases, Disorders, and Comorbidities of Interoception
Bonaz, B., Lane, R. D., Oshinsky, M. L., Kenny, P. J., Sinha, R., Mayer, E. A., & Critchley, H. D. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.009 · Cited by 260
Gut chemosensing: Interactions between gut endocrine cells and visceral afferents
Raybould, H. E. (2010) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2009.07.007 · Cited by 254
Interventions and Manipulations of Interoception
Weng, H. Y., Feldman, J. L., Leggio, L., Napadow, V., Park, J., & Price, C. J. (2020) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.010 · Cited by 250
The Organization of the Primate Insular Cortex
Evrard, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2019.00043 · Cited by 242
Neuropod Cells: The Emerging Biology of Gut-Brain Sensory Transduction
Kaelberer, M. M., Rupprecht, L. E., Liu, W. W., Weng, P., & Bohórquez, D. V. (2020) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-091619-022657 · Cited by 236 · cited 1×
“The discovery that an innate choice of an animal is driven by a specific sensory cell of the gut – the neuropod cell – provides a neural basis for gut interoception [66].”
Background
Computational Models of Interoception and Body Regulation
Petzschner, F. H., Garfinkel, S. N., Paulus, M. P., Koch, C., & Khalsa, S. S. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.012 · Cited by 227
Self-citation
Physiological feelings
Pace-Schott, E. F., Amole, M. C., Aue, T., Balconi, M., Bylsma, L. M., Critchley, H., Demaree, H. A., Friedman, B. H., Gooding, A. E. K., Gosseries, O., et al. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.002 · Cited by 221
Maps of subjective feelings
Nummenmaa, L., Hari, R., Hietanen, J. K., & Glerean, E. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1807390115 · Cited by 216
The preference for sugar over sweetener depends on a gut sensor cell
Buchanan, K. L., Rupprecht, L. E., Kaelberer, M. M., Sahasrabudhe, A., Klein, M. E., Villalobos, J. A., Liu, W. W., Yang, A., Gelman, J., Park, S., et al. (2022) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-021-00982-7 · Cited by 211
Estimation of Current and Future Physiological States in Insular Cortex
Livneh, Y., Sugden, A. U., Madara, J. C., Essner, R. A., Flores, V. I., Sugden, L. A., Resch, J. M., Lowell, B. B., & Andermann, M. L. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.027 · Cited by 209
How Do You Feel?: An Interoceptive Moment with Your Neurobiological Self
Craig, A. (2014) · Cited by 199
A repeated molecular architecture across thalamic pathways
Phillips, J. W., Schulmann, A., Hara, E., Winnubst, J., Liu, C., Valakh, V., Wang, L., Shields, B. C., Korff, W. L., Chandrashekar, J., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0483-3 · Cited by 192
The insular cortex and the regulation of cardiac function
Oppenheimer, S., & Cechetto, D. (2016) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c140076 · Cited by 191
Motor, cognitive, and affective areas of the cerebral cortex influence the adrenal medulla
Dum, R. P., Levinthal, D. J., & Strick, P. L. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1605044113 · Cited by 188
C1 neurons mediate a stress-induced anti-inflammatory reflex in mice
Abe, C., Inoue, T., Inglis, M. A., Viar, K. E., Huang, L., Ye, H., Rosin, D. L., Stornetta, R. L., Okusa, M. D., & Guyenet, P. G. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4526 · Cited by 188
The neural representation of taste quality at the periphery
Barretto, R. P. J., Gillis-Smith, S., Chandrashekar, J., Yarmolinsky, D. A., Schnitzer, M. J., Ryba, N. J. P., & Zuker, C. S. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13873 · Cited by 178
Systems all the way down: embracing complexity in mental health research
Fried, E. I., & Robinaugh, D. J. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01668-w · Cited by 176
A role for primate subgenual cingulate cortex in sustaining autonomic arousal
Rudebeck, P. H., Putnam, P. T., Daniels, T. E., Yang, T., Mitz, A. R., Rhodes, S. E. V., & Murray, E. A. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1317695111 · Cited by 158
Wisdom of the Body
Cannon, W. B. (1978) · Cited by 148
Transient Receptor Potential V Channels Are Essential for Glucose Sensing by Aldolase and AMPK
Li, M., Zhang, C., Zong, Y., Feng, J.-W., Ma, T., Hu, M., Lin, Z., Li, X., Xie, C., Wu, Y., et al. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.018 · Cited by 144
Expression and distribution of PIEZO1 in the mouse urinary tract
Dalghi, M. G., Clayton, D. R., Ruiz, W. G., Al‐bataineh, M. M., Satlin, L. M., Kleyman, T. R., Ricke, W. A., Carattino, M. D., & Apodaca, G. L. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00214.2019 · Cited by 141
Multichannel Investigation of Interoception: Sensitivity Is Not a Generalizable Feature
Ferentzi, E., Bogdány, T., Szabolcs, Z., Csala, B., Horváth, Á., & Köteles, F. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00223 · Cited by 139
Modulation of brainstem activity and connectivity by respiratory-gated auricular vagal afferent nerve stimulation in migraine patients
Garcia, R. G., Lin, R. L., Lee, J., Kim, J., Barbieri, R., Sclocco, R., Wasan, A. D., Edwards, R. R., Rosen, B. R., Hadjikhani, N. K., et al. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000930 · Cited by 137
Cell-Type-Specific Splicing of Piezo2 Regulates Mechanotransduction
Szczot, M., Pogorzala, L., Solinski, H. J., Young, L., Yee, P., Pichon, C. E. L., Chesler, A. T., & Hoon, M. A. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.035 · Cited by 137
Acute coronary syndromes in women and men
Pagidipati, N. J., & Peterson, E. D. (2016) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.89 · Cited by 136
The insular cortex dynamically maps changes in cardiorespiratory interoception
Hassanpour, M. S., Simmons, W. K., Feinstein, J. S., Luo, Q., Lapidus, R. C., Bodurka, J., Paulus, M. P., & Khalsa, S. S. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.154 · Cited by 130
Self-citation
A gut-to-brain signal of fluid osmolarity controls thirst satiation
Zimmerman, C. A., Huey, E. L., Ahn, J. S., Beutler, L. R., Tan, C. L., Kosar, S., Bai, L., Chen, Y., Corpuz, T. V., Madisen, L., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1066-x · Cited by 130
Interoception and Inflammation in Psychiatric Disorders
Savitz, J., & Harrison, N. A. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.12.011 · Cited by 126
Fractionating Blunted Reward Processing Characteristic of Anhedonia by Over-Activating Primate Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Alexander, L., Gaskin, P. L. R., Sawiak, S. J., Fryer, T. D., Hong, Y. T., Cockcroft, G. J., Clarke, H. F., & Roberts, A. C. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.021 · Cited by 120
Selective effects of vagal deafferentation and celiac–superior mesenteric ganglionectomy on the reinforcing and satiating action of intestinal nutrients
Sclafani, A. J., Ackroff, K., & Schwartz, G. J. (2003) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00968-x · Cited by 118
Voluntary urination control by brainstem neurons that relax the urethral sphincter
Keller, J. A., Chen, J., Simpson, S., Wang, E. H.-J., Lilascharoen, V., George, O., Lim, B. K., & Stowers, L. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0204-3 · Cited by 117
Hypothalamus as an Endocrine Organ
Clarke, I. J. (2014) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c140019 · Cited by 114
Cortical Connections Position Primate Area 25 as a Keystone for Interoception, Emotion, and Memory
Joyce, M. K. P., & Barbas, H. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2363-17.2017 · Cited by 114
Dorsal anterior cingulate: a Rorschach test for cognitive neuroscience
Ebitz, R. B., & Hayden, B. Y. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4387 · Cited by 113
Segregation of visceral and somatosensory afferents: An fMRI and cytoarchitectonic mapping study
Eickhoff, S. B., Lotze, M., Wietek, B., Amunts, K., Enck, P., & Zilles, K. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.023 · Cited by 107
TASK channels in arterial chemoreceptors and their role in oxygen and acid sensing
Buckler, K. J. (2015) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-015-1689-1 · Cited by 106
Electrical Stimulations of the Human Insula: Their Contribution to the Ictal Semiology of Insular Seizures
Mazzola, L., Mauguı̀ere, F., & Isnard, J. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0000000000000382 · Cited by 106
Multiple areas of the cerebral cortex influence the stomach
Levinthal, D. J., & Strick, P. L. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2002737117 · Cited by 103
Central afferents to the nucleus of the solitary tract in rats and mice
Gasparini, S., Howland, J. M., Thatcher, A. J., & Geerling, J. C. (2020) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.24927 · Cited by 101
An interoceptive illusion of effort induced by false heart-rate feedback
Iodice, P., Porciello, G., Bufalari, I., Barca, L., & Pezzulo, G. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1821032116 · Cited by 100
The human motor cortex microcircuit: insights for neurodegenerative disease
McColgan, P., Joubert, J., Tabrizi, S. J., & Rees, G. E. (2020) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-020-0315-1 · Cited by 92
Mechanosensitive Piezo Channels in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Alcaino, C., Farrugia, G., & Beyder, A. (2017) · Current topics in membranes · doi:10.1016/bs.ctm.2016.11.003 · Cited by 89
Taste and smell GPCRs in the lung: Evidence for a previously unrecognized widespread chemosensory system
An, S. S., & Liggett, S. B. (2017) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.002 · Cited by 88
Cell type-specific modulation of sensory and affective components of itch in the periaqueductal gray
Samineni, V. K., Grajales‐Reyes, J. G., Sundaram, S. S., Yoo, J. J., & Gereau, R. W. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12316-0 · Cited by 87
Ghrelin and Orexin Interact to Increase Meal Size Through a Descending Hippocampus to Hindbrain Signaling Pathway
Suarez, A. N., Liu, C. M., Cortella, A. M., Noble, E. E., & Kanoski, S. E. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.10.012 · Cited by 85
A Brain Phenotype for Stressor‐Evoked Blood Pressure Reactivity
Gianaros, P. J., Sheu, L. K., Uyar, F., Koushik, J., Jennings, J. R., Wager, T. D., Singh, A., & Verstynen, T. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.006053 · Cited by 83
Response inhibition on the stop signal task improves during cardiac contraction
Rae, C. L., Botan, V. E., Gould van Praag, C. D., Herman, A. M., Nyyssönen, J. A. K., Watson, D. R., Duka, T., Garfinkel, S. N., & Critchley, H. D. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27513-y · Cited by 83
Chemoreceptors in the Gut
Steensels, S., & Depoortere, I. (2017) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021317-121332 · Cited by 81
Examining the short-term anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of Floatation-REST
Feinstein, J. S., Khalsa, S. S., Yeh, H.-W., Wohlrab, C., Simmons, W. K., Stein, M. B., & Paulus, M. P. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190292 · Cited by 79
Self-citation
Interactions between cardiac activity and conscious somatosensory perception
Motyka, P., Grund, M., Forschack, N., Al, E., Villringer, A., & Gaebler, M. (2019) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13424 · Cited by 79
Mechanosensing Piezo channels in tissue homeostasis including their role in lungs
Zhong, M., Komarova, Y. A., Rehman, J., & Malik, A. B. (2018) · Pulmonary Circulation · doi:10.1177/2045894018767393 · Cited by 78
Abdominal vagotomy does not block carbohydrate-conditioned flavor preferences in rats
Sclafani, A. J., & Lucas, F. (1996) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(96)80018-7 · Cited by 71
The mind–body problem: Circuits that link the cerebral cortex to the adrenal medulla
Dum, R. P., Levinthal, D. J., & Strick, P. L. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1902297116 · Cited by 71
Interoceptive Anxiety and Body Representation in Anorexia Nervosa
Khalsa, S. S., Hassanpour, M. S., Strober, M. A., Craske, M. G., Arevian, A. C., & Feusner, J. D. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00444 · Cited by 70
Self-citation
Direct Parabrachial–Cortical Connectivity
Grady, F. S., Peltekian, L., Iverson, G. N., & Geerling, J. C. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa072 · Cited by 61
Synaptic Inputs to the Mouse Dorsal Vagal Complex and Its Resident Preproglucagon Neurons
Holt, M. K., Pomeranz, L. E., Beier, K. T., Reimann, F. M., Gribble, F. M., & Rinaman, L. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2145-19.2019 · Cited by 54
Interoception and the autonomic nervous system: Bottom-up meets top-down
Berntson, G. G., Gianaros, P. J., & Tsakiris, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0001 · Cited by 51
Self-citation
A Role for Astrocytes in Sensing the Brain Microenvironment and Neuro-Metabolic Integration
Teschemacher, A., Gourine, A. V., & Kasparov, S. (2015) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-015-1562-9 · Cited by 50
Reactive and predictive homeostasis: Roles of orexin/hypocretin neurons
Burdakov, D. (2018) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.024 · Cited by 46
Missing pieces of the Piezo1/Piezo2 baroreceptor hypothesis: an autonomic perspective
Stocker, S. D., Sved, A. F., & Andresen, M. C. (2019) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00315.2019 · Cited by 39
Significance of neuro-cardiac control mechanisms governed by higher regions of the brain
Taggart, P. I., Critchley, H., van Duijvendoden, S., & Lambiase, P. D. (2016) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2016.08.013 · Cited by 38
Central neural substrates involved in temperature discrimination, thermal pain, thermal comfort, and thermoregulatory behavior
Craig, A. D. B. (2018) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00019-9 · Cited by 37
Operant licking for intragastric sugar infusions: Differential reinforcing actions of glucose, sucrose and fructose in mice
Sclafani, A. J., & Ackroff, K. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.10.021 · Cited by 33
Dedicated C‐fibre viscerosensory pathways to central nucleus of the amygdala
McDougall, S. J., Guo, H., & Andresen, M. C. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp272898 · Cited by 23
Human subsystems of medial temporal lobes extend locally to amygdala nuclei and globally to an allostatic-interoceptive system
Ruiz‐Rizzo, A. L., Beißner, F., Finke, K., Müller, H. J., Zimmer, C., Pasquini, L., & Sorg, C. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116404 · Cited by 21
The interoceptive hippocampus: Mouse brain endocrine receptor expression highlights a dentate gyrus (DG)–cornu ammonis (CA) challenge–sufficiency axis
Lathe, R., Singadia, S., Jordan, C. Y., & Riedel, G. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227575 · Cited by 21
A gut sensor for sugar preferencePreprint
Buchanan, K. L., Rupprecht, L. E., Sahasrabudhe, A., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.03.06.981365 · Cited by 16
Cingulate-mediated depressive symptoms in neurologic disease and therapeutics
Riva‐Posse, P., Holtzheimer, P. E., & Mayberg, H. S. (2019) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64196-0.00021-2 · Cited by 14
Visceral-afferent signals from the cardiovascular system, but not urinary urge, affect startle eye blink
Schulz, A., Schilling, T. M., Vögele, C., & Schächinger, H. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.018 · Cited by 12
Altered Central Nutrient Sensing in Male Mice Lacking Insulin Receptors in Glut4-expressing Neurons
Ren, H., Vieira‐de‐Abreu, A., Yan, S., Reilly, A. M., Chan, O. T. M., & Accili, D. (2019) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2019-00341 · Cited by 12
Where the gut meets the brain
Kaelberer, M. M., & Bohórquez, D. V. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.039 · Cited by 5
Stress signaling in pain control
Avril, T., & Chevet, É. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay2721 · Cited by 4
Healing the Broken Heart With Adrenomedullin
Freed, J. K. (2019) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.314247 · Cited by 2

Sorted by citations

The emerging science of Interoception: sensing, integrating, interpreting, and regulating signals within the self
Chen, W. G., Schloesser, D., Arensdorf, A. M., Simmons, J. M., Cui, C., Valentino, R., Gnadt, J. W., Nielsen, L., Hillaire-Clarke, C. S., Spruance, V., et al. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.007 · Cited by 707
Cardiogenic control of affective behavioural state
Hsueh, B., Chen, R., Jo, Y., Tang, D., Raffiee, M., Kim, Y. S., Inoue, M., Randles, S., Ramakrishnan, C., Patel, S., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05748-8 · Cited by 335
Comorbidity between major depressive disorder and physical diseases: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, mechanisms and management
Berk, M., Köhler‐Forsberg, O., Turner, M., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Wrobel, A., Firth, J., Loughman, A., Reavley, N. J., McGrath, J. J., Momen, N. C., et al. (2023) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21110 · Cited by 336
Functions of interoception: From energy regulation to experience of the self
Quigley, K. S., Kanoski, S., Grill, W. M., Barrett, L. F., & Tsakiris, M. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.008 · Cited by 286
Towards a comprehensive assessment of interoception in a multi-dimensional framework
Suksasilp, C., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2022) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108262 · Cited by 288

See all 419

Authors: Berntson, G. G., & Khalsa, S. S.
Affiliations: The Ohio State University (US)
Laureate Institute for Brain Research (US)
Corresponding author: Berntson, Gary G.
ORCID: Berntson, Gary G.
Khalsa, Sahib S.
Venue: Trends in Neurosciences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-01
Volume: 44
Issue: 1
Pages: 17-28
ISSN: 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.011
PMC: PMC8054704
OpenAlex: W3116371286
Cited by: 419
References: 120
Citations by year: 2026: 73 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 26
FWCI: 5.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Ohio State University Emeritus Academy
National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH112949)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM121312)
the William K. Warren Foundation
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Keywords: interoception, neural circuits, homeostasis, emotional processing, cognitive processes, behavioral regulation
MeSH terms: Awareness, Homeostasis, Humans, Neural Pathways, Interoception

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Neural Circuits of Interoception

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks