The DOI matches its Crossref record; 119 of the 120 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neural Circuits of Interoception
Open accessAbstract
The present paper considers recent progress in our understanding of the afferent/ascending neural pathways and neural circuits of interoception. Of particular note is the extensive role of rostral neural systems, including cortical systems, in the recognition of internal body states, and the reciprocal role of efferent/descending systems in the regulation of those states. Together these reciprocal interacting networks entail interoceptive circuits that play an important role in a broad range of functions beyond the homeostatic maintenance of physiological steady-states. These include the regulation of behavioral, cognitive, and affective processes across conscious and nonconscious levels of processing. We highlight recent advances and knowledge gaps that are important for accelerating progress in the study of interoception.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Therefore, precision signals (the third principle) tune the different incoming predictions and prediction errors through engagement of the salience network.[113][114][115]”
From A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Integrative Action of the Nervous System.
Sherrington, C. (1907) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-190734120-00021 · Cited by 4,136
Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses
Ulrich-Lai, Y. M., & Herman, J. P. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2647 · Cited by 3,318
Piezo1 and Piezo2 Are Essential Components of Distinct Mechanically Activated Cation Channels
Coste, B., Mathur, J., Schmidt, M., Earley, T. J., Ranade, S., Petrus, M. J., Dubin, A. E., & Patapoutian, A. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1193270 · Cited by 3,316
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation
Wang, H., Yu, M., Ochani, M., Amella, C. A., Tanovic, M., Susarla, S., Li, J. H., Wang, H., Yang, H., Ulloa, L., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01339 · Cited by 3,228
The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex
Shackman, A. J., Salomons, T. V., Slagter, H. A., Fox, A. S., Winter, J. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2994 · Cited by 2,082
Knowing your own heart: Distinguishing interoceptive accuracy from interoceptive awareness
Garfinkel, S. N., Seth, A. K., Barrett, A. B., Suzuki, K., & Critchley, H. D. (2015) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.11.004 · Cited by 1,624
The Central Autonomic Network: Functional Organization, Dysfunction, and Perspective
BENARROCH, E. E. (1993) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62272-1 · Cited by 1,534
Interoception and Mental Health: A Roadmap.
Khalsa, S. S., Adolphs, R., Cameron, O. G., Critchley, H. D., Davenport, P. W., Feinstein, J. S., Feusner, J. D., Garfinkel, S. N., Lane, R. D., Mehling, W. E., et al. (2018) · Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.12.004 · Cited by 1,453 · cited 1×
“However, there are multiple features of interoceptive awareness [7,97], of which perceptual accuracy is only one component (Figure 1).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFrom blood–brain barrier to blood–brain interface: new opportunities for CNS drug delivery
Banks, W. A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2015.21 · Cited by 1,204
Tracey, K. J. (2009) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2566 · Cited by 1,154 · cited 14×
“Future research should be addressed at (i) further elaborating the multisynaptic pathways and circuits connecting the CNS with the internal organs of the body, (ii) clarifying the ascending interoceptive pathways linking the NTS and spinal afferents with higher order regions of the CNS, (iii) understanding how interac…”
BackgroundInfluential
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chen, W. G., Schloesser, D., Arensdorf, A. M., Simmons, J. M., Cui, C., Valentino, R., Gnadt, J. W., Nielsen, L., Hillaire-Clarke, C. S., Spruance, V., et al. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.007 · Cited by 707
Cardiogenic control of affective behavioural state
Hsueh, B., Chen, R., Jo, Y., Tang, D., Raffiee, M., Kim, Y. S., Inoue, M., Randles, S., Ramakrishnan, C., Patel, S., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05748-8 · Cited by 335
Berk, M., Köhler‐Forsberg, O., Turner, M., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Wrobel, A., Firth, J., Loughman, A., Reavley, N. J., McGrath, J. J., Momen, N. C., et al. (2023) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21110 · Cited by 336
Functions of interoception: From energy regulation to experience of the self
Quigley, K. S., Kanoski, S., Grill, W. M., Barrett, L. F., & Tsakiris, M. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.09.008 · Cited by 286
Towards a comprehensive assessment of interoception in a multi-dimensional framework
Suksasilp, C., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2022) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108262 · Cited by 288
Metadata
- Authors
- Berntson, G. G., & Khalsa, S. S.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Berntson, Gary G.
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17-28
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8054704
- OpenAlex
- W3116371286
- Cited by
- 419
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 26
- FWCI
- 5.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Ohio State University Emeritus Academy
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH112949)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM121312)
- the William K. Warren Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- interoception, neural circuits, homeostasis, emotional processing, cognitive processes, behavioral regulation
- MeSH terms
- Awareness, Homeostasis, Humans, Neural Pathways, Interoception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review