Oxidative stress in vascular disease and its pharmacological prevention
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk factors lead to enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase (XO), the mitochondrial electron-transport chain (ETC), and dysfunctional endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). When the capacity of antioxidant defense systems [e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), heme oxygenase (HO), paraoxonase (PON)] is exceeded, this results in oxidative stress, which can promote atherogenesis. Therefore, pharmacological means to prevent oxidative stress are of major therapeutic interest. Some established drugs and novel therapeutic approaches can prevent oxidative stress and, presumably, vascular disease. These include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1 receptor) blockers (ARBs), statins, nebivolol, pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN), resveratrol, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of oxidative stress under pathological conditions as well as pharmacological approaches (and their molecular mechanisms) are summarized in this review.
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Cygb can reduce nitrite to NO at rate constants similar or slightly higher than Ngb.
“Cygb can reduce nitrite to NO at rate constants similar or slightly higher than Ngb (182, 571) (Table 3).”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [571]
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- Authors
- Li, H., Horke, S., & Förstermann, U.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Förstermann, Ulrich
- ORCID
- Venue
- Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 313-319
- ISSN
- 0165-6147 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994343244
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 11
- FWCI
- 3.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- oxidative stress, vascular disease, reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, mitochondrial electron transport chain, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, antioxidant defense, atherogenesis, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, statins, nebivolol, PETN, resveratrol, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Humans, Vascular Diseases, Oxidative Stress
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