Cited by 361Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchEffects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsFluorine in Organic Chemistry

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Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and female reproductive outcomes: PFAS elimination, endocrine-mediated effects, and disease

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Rickard, Brittany P., Rizvi, Imran, Fenton, Suzanne E.·2022·Toxicology

DOI 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153031PMC PMC8743032

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Abstract

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread environmental contaminants frequently detected in drinking water supplies worldwide that have been linked to a variety of adverse reproductive health outcomes in women. Compared to men, reproductive health effects in women are generally understudied while global trends in female reproduction rates are declining. Many factors may contribute to the observed decline in female reproduction, one of which is environmental contaminant exposure. PFAS have been used in home, food storage, personal care and industrial products for decades. Despite the phase-out of some legacy PFAS due to their environmental persistence and adverse health effects, alternative, short-chain and legacy PFAS mixtures will continue to pollute water and air and adversely influence women's health. Studies have shown that both long- and short-chain PFAS disrupt normal reproductive function in women through altering hormone secretion, menstrual cyclicity, and fertility. Here, we summarize the role of a variety of PFAS and PFAS mixtures in female reproductive tract dysfunction and disease. Since these chemicals may affect reproductive tissues directly or indirectly through endocrine disruption, the role of PFAS in breast, thyroid, and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function are also discussed as the interplay between these tissues may be critical in understanding the long-term reproductive health effects of PFAS in women. A major research gap is the need for mechanism of action data - the targets for PFAS in the female reproductive and endocrine systems are not evident, but the effects are many. Given the global decline in female fecundity and the ability of PFAS to negatively impact female reproductive health, further studies are needed to examine effects on endocrine target tissues involved in the onset of reproductive disorders of women.

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Authors: Rickard, B. P., Rizvi, I., & Fenton, S. E.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author: Fenton, Suzanne E.
ORCID: Rickard, Brittany P.
Rizvi, Imran
Fenton, Suzanne E.
Venue: Toxicology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2022-01
Volume: 465
Pages: 153031
ISSN: 0300-483X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153031
PMC: PMC8743032
OpenAlex: W3214282621
Cited by: 334
References: 237
Citations by year: 2026: 66 · 2025: 102 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 21
FWCI: 3.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Toxicology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ZIA ES102785-11)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Keywords: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, women's reproductive health, endocrine disruption, PFAS mixtures, short-chain PFAS, long-chain PFAS, menstrual cyclicity, female fertility, breast tissue, thyroid function, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, drinking water contamination
MeSH terms: Endocrine System Diseases, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Fertility, Humans, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Infertility, Female, Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prognosis, Reproduction, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Endocrine Disruptors

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Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and female reproductive outcomes: PFAS elimination, endocrine-mediated effects, and disease

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