Assessing CO 2 emissions of electric vehicles in Germany in 2030
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Existing life-cycle studies of EVs and HPs are limited to the present situation and mostly focus on a few regions or global averages.
“This is different to existing life-cycle studies of EVs and HPs, which are limited to the present situation, and mostly focus on a few regions or global averages (see refs.15–23 for studies on EVs, and refs.10,24,25 on HPs).”
From Net emission reductions from electric cars and heat pumps in 59 world regions over time (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says earlier EV analyses usually examine electricity generation at a highly aggregated level, supporting the claim about limited geographic detail. It does not establish that existing EV life-cycle studies are limited to the present; this paper itself assesses EV emissions in Germany in 2030. The sentence assigns heat-pump studies to other references, not this source. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe average electricity mix is suggested as the most practical for determining the emissions factor associated with grid compositions.
“the average electricity mix is suggested as the most practical [56] despite fluctuations depending on the season and time of day.”
From A National and Regional Greenhouse Gas Breakeven Assessment of EVs across North America (2023) · cites this paper as [56]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Cost and CO2 aspects of future vehicle options in Europe under new energy policy scenarios
Thiel, C., Perujo, A., & Mercier, A. (2010) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.07.034 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Management
(2011) · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1899-9 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 49
- Abt, D., 1998. Die Erklärung der Technikgenese des Elektroautomobils. Frankfurt M., Germany. Preprint of the article "Assessing CO₂ Emissions of Electric Vehicles in Germany in 2030" was published in Transportation research / A, 78, 68-83. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2015.05.007 "Assessing CO2 Emissions of Electric Vehicles in Germany in 2030" 21
- Anable, J., Brand, C., Tran, M., Eyre, N., 2012. Modelling transport energy demand: A socio-technical approach, Energy Policy 41, 125-138, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.08.020. · DOI
- Axsen, J., Orlebar, C., Skippon, S., 2013. Social influence and consumer preference formation for pro- environmental technology: The case of a U.K. workplace electric-vehicle study, Ecological Economics 95, 96-107, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.08.009. · DOI
- Babrowski, S., Heinrichs, H., Jochem, P., Fichtner, W., 2014a. Load shift potential by electric vehicles in Europe: chances and limits. Journal of Power Sources 255, 283-293, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.019. · DOI · Paper page
- Babrowski, S., Heffels, T., Jochem, P., Fichtner, W., 2014b. Reducing computing time of energy system models by a myopic approach -A case study based on the PERSEUS-NET model. Energy Systems (5)1, 65-83, doi:10.1007/s12667-013-0085-1. · DOI
- Bickert, S., Kuckshinrichs, W., 2011. Electro-mobility as a technical concept in an ecological mobility sector? An analysis of costs, 9th International Conference of the European Society for Ecological Economics, Istanbul, Turkey June 14-17, 2011.
- Brand, C., Anable, J., Tran, M., 2013. Accelerating the transformation to a low carbon passenger transport system: The role of car purchase taxes, feebates, road taxes and scrappage incentives in the UK, Transport Research A-Policy and Practice 49, 132-148, doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2013.01.010. · DOI
- Dallinger, D., Krampe, D., Wietschel, M., 2011. Vehicle-to-grid regulation reserves based on a dynamic simulation of mobility behavior. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 2(2), 302-313.
- Dunn, J.B., Gaines, L., Sullivan, J., Wang, M.Q., 2013. Impact of Recycling on Cradle-to-Gate Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries. Environmental Science Technology 46 (22), 12704-12710, doi: 10.1021/es302420z. Preprint of the article "Assessing CO₂ Emissions of Electric Vehicles in Germany in 2030" was published in Transportation research / A, 78, 68-83. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2015.05.007 "Assessing CO2 Emissions of Electric Vehicles in Germany in 2030" 22 · DOI
- Eßer-Frey, A., 2012. Analyzing the regional long-term development of the German power system using a nodal pricing approach. Dissertation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany.
- Fichtner, W., 1999. Strategische Optionen der Energieversorger zur CO2-Minderung: ein Energie-und Stoffmodell zur Entscheidungsunterstützung. Dissertation, Universität Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Franke, T., Neumann, I. , Bühler, F., Cocron, P., Krems, J.F., 2012. Experiencing Range in an Electric Vehicle: Understanding Psychological Barriers, Applied Psychology, 61, 368-391, doi: 10.1111/j.1464- 0597.2011.00474.x. · DOI
- Green II, R.C., Wang, L., Alam, M., 2011. The Impact of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles on the Distribution Networks: A Review and Outlook, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15, 544-553.
- Hackney, J., de Neufville, R., 2001. Life cycle model of alternative fuel vehicles: emissions, energy, and cost trade-offs, Transport Research A-Policy and Practice 35(3), 243-266, doi: 10.1016/S0965- 8564(99)00057-9. · DOI
- Hadley, S.W., Tsvetkova, A.A., 2009. Potential Impacts of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Regional Power Generation, The Electricity Journal 22(10), 56-68, doi: 10.1016/j.tej.2009.10.011. · DOI
- Hahn, T., Schönfelder, M., Jochem, P., Heuveline, V., Fichtner, W., 2013. Model-based Quantification of Load Shift Potentials and Optimized Charging of Electric Vehicles. Smart Grid Renewable Energy 4(5), 398-408.
- Hawkins, T.R., Gausen, O.M., Strømman, A.H., 2012a. Environmental impacts of hybrid and electric vehicles -a review, Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 17, 997-1014, doi: 10.1007/s11367-012-0440-9. · DOI · Paper page
- Hawkins, T.R., Singh, B., Majeau-Betez, G., Strømman, H., 2012b. Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles, Journal of Industrial Ecology 17(1), 53-64, doi: 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00532.x. · DOI · Paper page
- Heinrichs, H., 2013. Analyse der langfristigen Auswirkungen von Elektromobilität auf das deutsche Energiesystem im europäischen Energieverbund unter Berücksichtigung von Netzrestriktionen. Dissertation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany.
- Helmers, E., Marx, P., 2012. Electric cars: technical characteristics and environmental impacts. Environmental Sciences Europe 24, 14, doi:10.1186/2190-4715-24-14. · DOI
- Helms, H., Jöhrens, J., Lambrecht, U., 2013. Umweltwirkungen alternativer Antriebe. In: Jochem, P., Poganietz, W.-R., Grunwald, A., Fichtner, W. (Eds.), Alternative Antriebskonzepte bei sich wandelnden Mobilitätsstilen, Karlsruhe, 123-146.
- Hoke, A., Brissette, A., Maksimovic, D., Pratt, A., Smith, K., 2011. Electric vehicle charge optimization including effects of lithium-ion battery degradation. Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Chicago, IL, doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043046. · DOI
- Holland, S.P., Mansur E.T., 2008. Is Real-Time Pricing Green? The Environmental Impacts of Electricity Demand Variance, Review of Economics and Statistics 90(3), 550-561, doi: 10.1162/rest.90.3.550. · DOI
- Jochem, P., Schönfelder, M., Fichtner, W., 2015. An efficient two-stage algorithm for decentralized scheduling of micro-CHP units, European Journal of Operational Research (accepted), doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2015.04.016. · DOI
- Jochem, P., Babrowski, S., Fichtner, W., 2013. Electric Vehicle Market Penetration and Corresponding CO2 Emissions: A German Case Study for 2030. Proceedings of the IAEE Conf., Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Jochem, P., Kaschub, T., Paetz, A.-G., Fichtner, W., 2012. Integrating Electric Vehicles into the German Electricity Grid -an Interdisciplinary Analysis. Proceedings of the EVS26 conf, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Kaschub, T., Jochem, P., Fichtner, W., 2013. Steigerung des Elektrizitätseigenverbrauchs von Heim- Fotovoltaikanlagen durch Elektrofahrzeuge. uwf UmweltWirtschaftsForum, doi: 10.1007/s00550-013- 0291-2. · DOI
- Liu, J., 2012. Electric vehicle charging infrastructure assignment and power grid impacts assessment in Beijing. Energy Policy 51, 544-557, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.08.074. · DOI
- Lucas, A., Silva, C.A., Costa Neto, R., 2012. Life cycle analysis of energy supply infrastructure for conventional and electric vehicles, Energy Policy 41, 537-547doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.015. · DOI
- Lund, H., Kempton W., 2008. Integration of renewable energy into the transport and electricity sectors through V2G, Energy Policy 36(9), 3578-3587, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.06.007. · DOI
- Ma, H., Balthasar, F., Tait, N., Riera-Palou, X., Harrison, A., 2012. A new comparison between the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of battery electric vehicles and internal combustion vehicles, Energy Policy 44, 160-173, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.01.034. · DOI
- Messagie, M., Boureima, F., Matheys, J., Sergeant, N., Turcksin, L., Macharis, C., Van Mierlo, J., 2010. Life cycle assessment of conventional and alternative small passenger vehicles in Belgium, Proceedings of Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Lille, France.
- Metz, M., Doetsch, C., 2012, Electric vehicles as flexible loads -A simulation approach using empirical mobility data, Energy 48(1), 369-374, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.04.014. · DOI
- Millo, F., Rolando, L., Fuso, R., Mallamo, F., 2014. Real CO2 emissions benefits and end user's operating costs of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, Applied Energy 114, 563-571, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.014. · DOI
- Paetz, A.-G., Kaschub, T., Jochem, P., Fichtner, W., 2013. Load-Shifting Potentials in Households Including Electric Mobility -a Comparison of User Behaviour with Modeling Results. Proceedings of IEEE -10th Intern. Conf. Eur. Energy Markets, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Plötz, P., Gnann, T., Wietschel, M., 2014, Modelling market diffusion of electric vehicles with real world driving data -Part I: Model structure and validation, Ecological Economics 107, 411-421, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.09.021. · DOI
- Pollok, T., Matrose, C., Dederichs, T., Schnettler, A., Szczechowicz, E., 2011. Classification and Comparison of Multi-agent-based Control Strategies for Electric Vehicles in Distribution Networks. Proceedings of 21st Intern. Conf. Exhib. Electr. Distrib. (CIRED 2011), Frankfurt, Germany.
- Rosen, J., 2008. The future role of renewable energy sources in European electricity supply -A model-based analysis for the EU-15. Dissertation, Universität Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Røstvik, H.N., 2013. Norway's electric vehicle deployment success. A historical review including plans for fast charging stations covering all of the country -by 2015. Proceedings of the EVS27 Conf., Barcelona, Spain.
- Sanfélix, J., Messagie, M., Omar, N., Mierlo, J. Van, Hennige, V., 2015. Environmental performance of advanced hybrid energy storage systems for electric vehicle applications, Applied Energy, 137, 925-930, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.012. · DOI
- Smith, W.J., 2010. Can EV (electric vehicles) address Ireland's CO2 emissions from transport?, Energy 35(12), 4514-4521, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.07.029. · DOI
- Thiel, C., Schmidt, J., Van Zyl, A., Schmid, E., 2014. Cost and well-to-wheel implications of the vehicle fleet CO2 emission regulation in the European Union, Transport Research A.-Policy and Practice, 63, 25- 42, doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2014.02.018. · DOI
- Thomas, C.E.S, 2012. "How green are electric vehicles?", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37 (7), 6053-6062, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.12.118. · DOI
- Torchio, M.F., Santarelli, M.G., 2010. Energy, environmental and economic comparison of different powertrain/fuel options using well-to-wheels assessment, energy and external costs -European market analysis, Energy 35(10), 4156-4171, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.06.037. · DOI
- Vliet, O. van, Brouwer, A.S., Kuramochi, T., van den Broek M., Faaij, A., 2011. Energy use, cost and CO2 emissions of electric cars, Journal of Power Sources 196 (4), 2298-2310, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.09.119. · DOI · Paper page
- Weisser, D., 2007. A guide to life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electric supply technologies, Energy 32(9) 1543-1559, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2007.01.008. · DOI
- Waraich, R.A., Galus, M.D., Dobler, C., Balmer, M., Andersson, G., Axhausen, K.W., 2013. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and smart grids: Investigations based on a microsimulation. Transportation Research C- Emerging Technologies 28, 74-86, doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2012.10.011. · DOI
- Zhang, Q., Mclellan, B.C., Tezuka, T., Ishihara, K.N., 2013. A methodology for economic and environmental analysis of electric vehicles with different operational conditions, Energy 61, 118-127, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.025. · DOI
- Zhang, L., Brown, T., Samuelsen, G.S., 2011. Fuel reduction and electricity consumption impact of different charging scenarios for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, Journal of Power Sources 196, 6559-6566.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Transport: A roadblock to climate change mitigation?
Creutzig, F., Jochem, P., Edelenbosch, O. Y., Mattauch, L., Vuuren, D. P. V., McCollum, D., & Minx, J. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac8033 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Self-citationMoro, A., & Lonza, L. (2018) · Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2017.07.012 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Net emission reductions from electric cars and heat pumps in 59 world regions over time
Knobloch, F., Hanssen, S. V., Lam, A., Pollitt, H., Salas, P., Chewpreecha, U., Huijbregts, M. A. J., & Mercure, J.-F. (2020) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-020-0488-7 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles in Poland and the Czech Republic
Burchart-Korol, D., Jursova, S., Folęga, P., Korol, J., Pustejovska, P., & Blaut, A. (2018) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.145 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Zheng, G., & Peng, Z. (2021) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2021.02.039 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Ehrenberger, S., Seum, S., Pregger, T., Simon, S., Knitschky, G., & Kugler, U. (2021) · Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2020.102669 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Taljegard, M., Göransson, L., Odenberger, M., & Johnsson, F. (2019) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en12132597 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A National and Regional Greenhouse Gas Breakeven Assessment of EVs across North America
Rasbash, D., Dillman, K. J., Heinonen, J., & Ásgeirsson, E. I. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15032181 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Huang, H.-C., He, H.-D., & Peng, Z.-R. (2024) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.130665 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jochem, P., Babrowski, S., & Fichtner, W.
- Affiliations
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Jochem, Patrick
- ORCID
- Jochem, Patrick
- Venue
- Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 78
- Pages
- 68-83
- ISSN
- 0965-8564 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1832422473
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 8.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice (publishedVersion)
- Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- KITopen
- Funders
- Australian Government
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Vehicle emissions and performance
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
- Keywords
- electric vehicles, CO2 emissions, electricity mix, smart charging, charging strategies, energy system modelling, Germany, 2030 scenarios, internal combustion engine vehicles, power grid, emissions policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
