A heuristic model of bounded route choice in urban areas
Open accessAbstract
There is substantial evidence to indicate that route choice in urban areas is complex cognitive process, conducted under uncertainty and formed on partial perspectives. Yet, conventional route choice models continue make simplistic assumptions around the nature of human cognitive ability, memory and preference. In this paper, a novel framework for route choice in urban areas is introduced, aiming to more accurately reflect the uncertain, bounded nature of route choice decision making. Two main advances are introduced. The first involves the definition of a hierarchical model of space representing the relationship between urban features and human cognition, combining findings from both the extensive previous literature on spatial cognition and a large route choice dataset. The second advance involves the development of heuristic rules for route choice decisions, building upon the hierarchical model of urban space. The heuristics describe the process by which quick, ‘good enough’ decisions are made when individuals are faced with uncertainty. This element of the model is once more constructed and parameterised according to findings from prior research and the trends identified within a large routing dataset. The paper outlines the implementation of the framework within a real-world context, validating the results against observed behaviours. Conclusions are offered as to the extension and improvement of this approach, outlining its potential as an alternative to other route choice modelling frameworks.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A city street network is transformed into a network of lines using its topological properties.
“First, a city street network is transformed into a network of lines using its topological properties 34,[173][174][175] .”
From From cognitive maps to spatial schemas (2023) · cites this paper as [174]
Cites
Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1914185 · Cited by 48,524 · see citing works
Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609220.014 · Cited by 32,700 · see citing works
Fast unfolding of communities in large networks
Blondel, V. D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, R., & Lefebvre, E. (2008) · Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment · doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2008/10/p10008 · Cited by 21,424 · see citing works
(1978) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 8,010 · see citing works
The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat
O'Keefe, J., & Dostrovsky, J. (1971) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(71)90358-1 · Cited by 6,151 · see citing works
The hippocampus as a cognitive map
Passingham, R. E. (1979) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(79)90015-0 · Cited by 5,128 · see citing works
Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex
Hafting, T., Fyhn, M., Molden, S., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03721 · Cited by 4,068 · see citing works
ROAD PAPER. SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF ROAD TRAFFIC RESEARCH.
Wardrop, J. G. (1952) · Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers · doi:10.1680/ipeds.1952.11259 · Cited by 3,959 · see citing works
Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart
Gigerenzer, G., & Todd, P. M. (1999) · Cited by 3,564 · see citing works
Reasoning the fast and frugal way: Models of bounded rationality.
Gigerenzer, G., & Goldstein, D. G. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.4.650 · Cited by 3,504 · see citing works
Elimination by aspects: A theory of choice
Tversky, A. (1972) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0032955 · Cited by 3,365 · see citing works
Models of Man--Social and Rational
Solow, R. M., & Simon, H. A. (1958) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/1926487 · Cited by 3,195 · see citing works
Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory
Sen, A. K. (1977) · Philosophy & Public Affairs · Cited by 3,157 · see citing works
Some Theoretical Aspects of Road Traffic Research
Wardrop, J. G. (1952) · Cited by 2,325 · see citing works
The Development of Spatial Representations of Large-Scale Environments
Siegel, A. W., & White, S. H. (1975) · Advances in Child Development and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-2407(08)60007-5 · Cited by 1,830 · see citing works
Models of ecological rationality: The recognition heuristic.
Goldstein, D. G., & Gigerenzer, G. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.1.75 · Cited by 1,352 · see citing works
Representation of Geometric Borders in the Entorhinal Cortex
Solstad, T., Boccara, C. N., Kropff, E., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1166466 · Cited by 1,213 · see citing works
Simon, H. A. (1957) · Cited by 1,086 · see citing works
Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making
(2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470752937 · Cited by 981 · see citing works
The priority heuristic: Making choices without trade-offs.
Brandstätter, E., Gigerenzer, G., & Hertwig, R. (2006) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.113.2.409 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Distortions in judged spatial relations
Stevens, A. L., & Coupe, P. (1978) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(78)90006-3 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Evidence of hierarchies in cognitive maps
Hirtle, S. C., & Jonides, J. (1985) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197683 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Cognitive maps, cognitive collages, and spatial mental models
Tversky, B. (1993) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-57207-4_2 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Fast and Frugal Heuristics: The Tools of Bounded Rationality
Gigerenzer, G. (2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470752937.ch4 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Rationality for mortals: how people cope with uncertainty
Gigerenzer, G. (2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-4133 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
A New Framework for Understanding the Acquisition of Spatial Knowledge in Large-Scale Environments
Montello, D. R. (1998) · Spatial And Temporal Reasoning In Geographic Information Systems · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195103427.003.0011 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Exploring the anchor-point hypothesis of spatial cognition
Couclelis, H., Golledge, R. G., Gale, N., & Tobler, W. (1987) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(87)80020-8 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
The Secret Is To Follow Your Nose
Dalton, R. (2003) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916502238867 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Bröder, A. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.26.5.1332 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
How good are simple heuristics
Czerlinski, J., Gigerenzer, G., & Goldstein, D. G. (1999) · Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Which road do I take? A learning-based model of route-choice behavior with real-time information
Ben-Elia, E., & Shiftan, Y. (2010) · Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.tra.2010.01.007 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Adaptive route choices in risky traffic networks: A prospect theory approach
Gao, S., Frejinger, E., & Ben-Akiva, M. E. (2009) · Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2009.08.001 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Acquisition of Route and Survey Knowledge in the Absence of Vision
Klatzky, R. L., Loomis, J. M., Golledge, R. G., Cicinelli, J. G., Doherty, S., & Pellegrino, J. W. (1990) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.1990.10735500 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Prototypes, Location, and Associative Networks (PLAN): Towards a Unified Theory of Cognitive Mapping
Chown, E., Kaplan, S., & Kortenkamp, D. (1995) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/0364-0213(95)90003-9 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Spatial representations, a wayfinding perspective
Passini, R. (1984) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(84)80031-6 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Xu, H., Zhou, J., & Xu, W. (2010) · Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2010.05.009 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
'Fine-to-Coarse' Route Planning and Navigation in Regionalized Environments
Wiener, J. M., & Mallot, H. A. (2003) · Spatial Cognition & Computation · doi:10.1207/s15427633scc0304_5 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
A conceptual model and empirical analysis of children's acquisition of spatial knowledge
Golledge, R. G., Smith, T. R., Pellegrino, J. W., Doherty, S., & Marshall, S. P. (1985) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(85)80014-1 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Papinski, D., Scott, D. M., & Doherty, S. T. (2009) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2009.04.001 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Empirical tests of the recognition heuristic
POHL, R. F. (2006) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.522 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The Skeleton In The Cognitive Map
Kuipers, B. J., Tecuci, D. G., & Stankiewicz, B. J. (2003) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916502238866 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Latent variables and route choice behavior
Prato, C. G., Bekhor, S., & Pronello, C. (2011) · Transportation · doi:10.1007/s11116-011-9344-y · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Prototypes, Location, and Associative Networks (PLAN): Towards a Unified Theory of Cognitive Mapping
Chown, E., Kaplan, S., & Kortenkamp, D. (1995) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1901_1 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Avineri, E. (2012) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.03.003 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
NAKAYAMA, S., Kitamura, R., & Fujii, S. (2001) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/1752-09 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Use and interaction of navigation strategies in regionalized environments
Wiener, J. M., Schnee, A., & Mallot, H. A. (2004) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.09.006 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Fast and frugal versus regression models of human judgement
Dhami, M. K., & Harries, C. (2001) · Thinking & Reasoning · doi:10.1080/13546780042000019 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Identification of Parameters for a Prospect Theory Model for Travel Choice Analysis
Avineri, E., & Bovy, P. H. L. (2008) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/2082-17 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Landmark Hierarchies in Context
Winter, S., Tomko, M., Elias, B., & Sester, M. (2008) · Environment and Planning B Planning and Design · doi:10.1068/b33106 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology
Haslam, S. A., McGarty, C., Cruwys, T., & Steffens, N. K. (2024) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781036232856 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Hornsby, K. S., Ligozat, G., Denis, M., & Claramunt, C. (2009) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03832-7 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Manley, E. J., Addison, J. D., & Cheng, T. (2015) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.01.006 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationBehavioural Assumptions Overlooked in Travel-Choice Modelling
Gärling, T. (1998) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008043360-8/50001-7 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Spatial Behavior in Transportation Modeling and Planning
Golledge, R. G., & rling, T. G. (2002) · New directions in civil engineering · doi:10.1201/9781420042283.ch3 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Robust inference with simple cognitive models
Brighton, H. (2006) · Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Predicting Elections from the Most Important Issue: A Test of the Take-the-Best Heuristic
Armstrong, J. S., & Graefe, A. (2010) · Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Hierarchical Representations of Indoor Spaces
Richter, K., Winter, S., & Santosa, S. (2011) · Environment and Planning B Planning and Design · doi:10.1068/b37057 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Path Complexity Does Not Impair Visual Path Integration
Wiener, J. M., & Mallot, H. A. (2006) · Spatial Cognition and Computation · doi:10.1207/s15427633scc0604_3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Kaplan, S., & Prato, C. G. (2011) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2011.11.001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Recognizing National Hockey League greatness with an ignorance-based heuristic.
Snook, B., & Cullen, R. M. (2006) · Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale · doi:10.1037/cjep2006005 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Role of Angularity in Route Choice
Turner, A. (2009) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03832-7_30 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Conditional Bail Decision Making in the Magistrates' Court
Dhami, M. K. (2004) · The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2311.2004.00309.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Encoding Direction in Manipulatory Space and the Role of Visual Experience
Barber, P. O., & Lederman, S. J. (1988) · Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness · doi:10.1177/0145482x8808200309 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Changing Neighborhoods—Neighborhoods Changing
O’Sullivan, D. (2009) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124109334793 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Describing the functional spatial structure of urban environments
Tomko, M., & Winter, S. (2013) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2013.05.002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Arentze, T., Dellaert, B. G. C., & Chorus, C. G. (2014) · Transportation Science · doi:10.1287/trsc.2013.0513 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A computational approach to ‘The Image of the City’
Filomena, G., Verstegen, J. A., & Manley, E. (2019) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2019.01.006 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom cognitive maps to spatial schemas
Farzanfar, D., Spiers, H. J., Moscovitch, M., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2023) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-022-00655-9 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
- Authors
- Manley, E. J., Orr, S. W., & Cheng, T.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Manley, E.J.
- Venue
- Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 56
- Pages
- 195-209
- ISSN
- 0968-090X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2008688250
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 10.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/G023212/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Transportation Planning and Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Keywords
- route choice, urban travel behavior, bounded rationality, heuristic decision making, spatial cognition, decision making under uncertainty
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review