Impact of ultrasound and conventional extraction techniques on bioactive compounds and biological activities of blue butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.)
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of ultrasound on bioactive compounds and biological activities of blue butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.). For this purpose, optimized conditions (temperature 50 °C, time 150 min, solid to liquid ratio 1 g:15 ml, 70% amplitude and 240 W, 20 kHz frequency, 3 s on and 3 s off) of ultrasound (US) and conventional extraction (AGE: Agitation, water bath for 150 min, 50 °C at 150 rmp) were used. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) effect of US and AGE on total phenolics (TPCs), flavonoids (TFCs) and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, reducing activity, Cu2+ and H2O2) of butterfly pea flower extract (BPFE). The results showed an increased trend in yield, TPCs, TFCs and antioxidant activities of US treated BPFE with comparison to AGE. However, insignificant (p > 0.05) effect of US and AGE over TFlaCs and PACs were observed. Moreover, the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed little changes in spectrum and US does not affect the functional group of bioactive compounds structure. Additionally, extracts (500–2000 µg/ml) protect pBR322 plasmid DNA damage induced by (1 mM H2O2 and 1 mM FeSO4), plasma oxidation (induced by 250 µM CuCl2) and inhibit erythrocyte hemolysis (induced by 200 mM AAPH, 34.6 to 66.73%). Sonication can be applied successfully for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials with high biological activities.
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Suitable ultrasonic conditions can enhance the content of phenolic compounds and improve their antioxidant activity.
“Several studies have indicated that employing suitable ultrasonic conditions can not only enhance the content of phenolic compounds but also improve their antioxidant activity [38], [39].”
From A comprehensive review of ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) for bioactive components: Principles, advantages, equipment, and combined technologies (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
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“Similar results were also observed for the FT-IR spectra of the bioactive compounds from blue butterfly pea flowers extracted by ultrasound and conventional methods (Mehmood et al., 2019).”
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Anthocyanin from butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea) by ultrasonic-assisted extraction
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“Bioactive compounds have been extracted from various natural sources via both traditional and innovative extraction techniques (Mehmood et al. 2019; Moreira et al. 2019).”
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“It is well known as tropical perennial climber herb from family Fabaceae with slender downy stem [1,2].”
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Sonication and Microwave Processing of Phalsa Drink: A Synergistic Approach
Nadeem, M., Ghaffar, A., Hashim, M. M., Murtaza, M. A., Ranjha, M. M. A. N., Mehmood, A., & Riaz, M. N. (2021) · International Journal of Fruit Science · doi:10.1080/15538362.2021.1965942 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Non-thermal techniques such as ultrasound and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) have been researched in recent few years (Mehmood et al., 2019; Munir et al., 2020).”
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“UAE was introduced in the 1950s to improve hop flower extraction in beer processing [20] and has also been studied as a method for bioactive compound detection in flowers [21,22].”
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Self-citationEfficient recovery of procyanidins from grape residue by UAE-NADES and macroporous resin
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“Procyanidin Content (PAC): The content was determined using the method described by Mehmood et al. [33], with slight modifications.”
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“8 mg GAE/g (db), again in agreement with the TPC range reported for BP in the literature [34,35].”
Development of Smart Bilayer Alginate/Agar Film Containing Anthocyanin and Catechin-Lysozyme
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“Delphinidin is the primary anthocyanin responsible for the deep blue to purple color of butterfly pea flower [64].”
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“The butterfly pea flower is known to be used as a dye for colouring material in food and herbal drinks [3].”
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Effect of Sonication on the Functional Properties of Different Citrus Fruit Juices
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“Ultrasound is one of the important techniques used as an alternative to heat treatment due to less processing time and less energy inputs (Mehmood et al., 2019; Nadeem et al., 2018; Ranjha et al., 2022).”
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“[48], where it was noted that the antioxidant activity of compounds recovered from the butterfly pea flower was significantly higher (1.”
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“The highest level of evidence for herbal interactions comes from case reports and drug trials [64].”
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The Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Effects of Clitoria ternatea: A Review
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Sustainable approaches to analyzing phenolic compounds: a green chemistry perspective
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“The use of greener solvents, particularly NADES, is high-lighted in recent methodology as a solution to the problems with traditional extraction techniques is volumes of toxic, non-biodegradable, or flammable organic solvents [99].”
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“Optimizing extraction time is crucial for cost reduction and energy efficiency, considering the potential degradation of bioactive compounds under prolonged ultrasonic exposure (Mehmood et al., 2019; Shen et al., 2023).”
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“For the FRAP, the antioxidant capacity of extracts was comparable with those obtained from the UAE of blue butterfly pea flower [44].”
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“Extraction and Successive Fractionation of CT The extraction was performed using solid-to-liquid ratio 1:15 of each fine-powdered part of plant (root (CTR), leaves (CTL), and flower (CTF)) with 100% methanol at room temperature with ultrasonic assistance while maintaining the sonication bath temperature between 30 and…”
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“As shown in Figure 3A, the UV spectra were not significantly correlated with TPC (Figure 1A), which might be associated with other compounds such as tyrosine (278 nm) and tryptophan (279 nm) absorbing at that wavelength [30].”
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“It thus preserves the bioactivity of the compounds (Mehmood et al., 2019).”
Background
- Authors
- Mehmood, A., Ishaq, M., Zhao, L., Yaqoob, S., Safdar, B., Nadeem, M., Munir, M., & Wang, C.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Technology and Business University (CN)
- Jilin Agricultural University (CN)
- University of Sargodha (PK)
- Corresponding author
- Zhao, Lei
- Munir, Masooma
- Wang, Chengtao
- ORCID
- Venue
- Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 51
- Pages
- 12-19
- ISSN
- 1350-4177 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2896976712
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 8.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Ultrasonics Sonochemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National key research and development program (2018YFD0400403, 2016YFD0400802)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571801)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural and Biological Research
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena
- Keywords
- ultrasound-assisted extraction, Clitoria ternatea, butterfly pea flower, bioactive compounds, total phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging, DNA protection, extraction optimization, plant extracts
- MeSH terms
- Ultrasonic Waves, Animals, Antioxidants, Erythrocytes, Chemical Fractionation, Hemolysis, Oxidation-Reduction, Phenols, Plant Extracts, Temperature, Xanthine Oxidase, Clitoria, Proanthocyanidins
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