A combination of doxycycline and ivermectin is adulticidal in dogs with naturally acquired heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis)
Abstract
Canine heartworm disease is caused by infection with Dirofilaria immitis, a filarial nematode that resides in the pulmonary arteries and occasionally in the right heart chambers of infected dogs. Here the authors evaluated the effect of a combination of doxycycline (10 mg/kg/sid for 30 days) and ivermectin–pyrantel(6μg/kg [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] of ivermectin+5mg/kg of pyrantel every 15 days for 180 days) on microfilariemia, antigenemia and parasite load at echocardiography in naturally infected dogs from an endemic region of Italy. Dogs were examined monthly for 6 months and followed-up 4 months later. One hundred percent of dogs became negative for circulating microfilariae by day 90, while 8/11 (72.7%) of dogs became antigen-negative by day 300. Of the 7 dogs that were positive for visualization of parasites at echocardiography, 6 (85.7%) became negative by day 300. Treatment was well-tolerated by all dogs. These results suggest that a combination of doxycycline and ivermectin is adulticide in dogs with D. immitis.
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A combination of doxycycline (10 mg/kg die for 30 days) and ivermectin (6 mcg/kg every 15 days for 6 months) has a potential efficacy, as high as 73%, in the adulticide therapy in dogs infested with Dirofilaria immitis.
“Therefore, it has been suggested that a combination of doxycycline (10 mg/kg die for 30 days) and ivermectin (6 mcg/kg every 15 days for 6 months) has a potential efficacy, as high as 73%, in the adulticide therapy in dogs infested with D. immitis[107,108].”
From Vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
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Santiwattanatarm, T., Sakcamduang, W., Kongkaew, C., Anothaisintawee, T., & Taechikantaphat, M. (2026) · Current Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100372
Jacobson, L. S., DiGangi, B. A., Serrano, M. A., Friedman, J., Cuccinello, M. K., Garcia, H. M., & Levy, J. K. (2026) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-026-07344-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
McCall, J. W., Mansour, A., DiCosty, U., Fricks, C., McCall, S. D., Carson, B., Dzimianski, M. T., Nelson, C. T., & Moorhead, A. R. (2026) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-026-07383-4
- Authors
- Grandi, G., Quintavalla, C., Mavropoulou, A., Genchi, M., Gnudi, G., Bertoni, G., & Kramer, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Parma (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Kramer, L.
- Venue
- Veterinary Parasitology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 169
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 347-351
- ISSN
- 0304-4017 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996548651
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Veterinary Parasitology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Keywords
- canine heartworm disease, Dirofilaria immitis, doxycycline, ivermectin, pyrantel, combination therapy, adulticidal activity, antigenemia, dogs
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigens, Helminth, Antiparasitic Agents, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilariasis, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Doxycycline, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Ivermectin, Male, Microfilariae
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