Snowmelt pollutant removal in bioretention areas
Abstract
Snow accumulating in urban areas and alongside roads can accumulate high pollutant loads and the subsequent snowmelt can produce high pollutant loads in receiving waters. This paper examines the treatment of roadside snowmelt in bioretention with respect to pollutant removal, pollutant pathways, and major sinks. Bioretention was used to treat snowmelt from three types of urban roads in Trondheim, Norway: residential, medium, and roads with high-density traffic. Metal retention in bioretention boxes had a mass reduction in zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium in the range of 89-99%, and a decrease in outflow concentrations in the range 81-99%. Cadmium was only measured in the water samples, while the other three metals were traced through the system to identify the main sinks. The top mulch layer was the largest sink for the retained metals, with up to 74% of the zinc retained in this mulch layer. The plant metal uptakes were only 2-8% of the total metal retention; however, the plants still play an important role with respect to root zone development and regeneration, which fosters infiltration and reduces the outflow load. Dissolved pollutants in snowmelt tend to be removed with the first flush of meltwater, creating an enrichment ratio with respect to the average pollutant concentrations in the snow. The effect of this enrichment ratio was examined through the bioretention system, and found to be less predominant than that typically reported for untreated snowmelt. The enrichment…
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Vegetation contributes to total metal removal in stormwater bioretention systems.
“The vegetation has been shown to contribute to the total metal removal in stormwater bioretention systems (Muthanna et al., 2007; Sun and Davis, 2007; Read et al., 2008).”
From Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities (2019) · cites this paper as Muthanna et al., 2007
Reported removals of dissolved metals are fewer and contradictory, including both efficient removal and significant leaching.
“However, reported removals of dissolved metals are fewer and contradictory including both efficient removal and significant leaching (e.g. Muthanna et al., 2007; Søberg et al., 2017).”
From Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities (2019) · cites this paper as Muthanna et al., 2007
The filter material accounts for the majority of metal removal in stormwater bioretention systems.
“However, the filter material accounts for the majority of metal removal (Muthanna et al., 2007; Blecken et al., 2009, Blecken et al., 2011) and hence, filter material composition is crucial for achieving effective dissolved metal treatment.”
From Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities (2019) · cites this paper as Muthanna et al., 2007
Conflicting results have been observed in previous studies regarding removal of dissolved metals in stormwater bioretention systems: some found efficient retention, while others found substantial leaching.
“Conflicting results have been observed in previous studies regarding removal of dissolved metals in stormwater bioretention systems. Some have found that dissolved metals are efficiently retained (e.g. Blecken et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2017), while others have found substantial leaching (e.g. Muthanna et al., 2007; Hatt et al., 2008; Søberg et al., 2017).”
From Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities (2019) · cites this paper as Muthanna et al., 2007
The bioretention systems examined in the cited studies were relatively young (<2 years) and found metals to be adsorbed in the top 5 cm of the filter material, so these systems were far from saturated with metals.
“Moreover, the bioretention systems examined in the cited studies (Muthanna et al., 2007; Hatt et al., 2008; Blecken et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2017; Søberg et al., 2017) were relatively young (<2 years) and found metals to be adsorbed in the top 5 cm of the filter material. Hence, these systems were far from saturated with metals.”
From Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities (2019) · cites this paper as Muthanna et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Muthanna, T. M., Viklander, M., Blecken, G., & Thorolfsson, S. T.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Luleå University of Technology (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Muthanna, Tone Merete
- Venue
- Water Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 4061-4072
- ISSN
- 0043-1354 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082829822
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Water Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Smart Materials for Construction
- Keywords
- snowmelt, bioretention, road runoff, urban stormwater, metal retention, zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, plant metal uptake, enrichment ratio, first flush, urban streets
- MeSH terms
- Environmental Pollutants, Snow, Environmental Restoration and Remediation
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