Field study on the transportation characteristics of PFASs from water source to tap water
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can occur in water sources, pass through drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), to the consumer taps. This investigation was carried out to present the transportation behaviors of 17 PFASs, involving seven DWTPs with different water sources, raw water transportation modes, treatment processes, and DWDS structures in eastern and northern China. The results showed that the long-distance raw water transportation pipelines removed a certain extent of PFASs from raw water, probably due to the accumulation of loose deposits. The long-distance, open-channel South-to-North water diversion increased PFAS contamination risk. In the DWTPs, granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption and ultraviolet radiation removed less than 25% of PFASs, but ozonation-biological activated carbon (O 3-BAC) was superior to GAC alone in removing PFASs. Loose deposits couldsignificantly influence PFAS accumulation and release within branch-structured DWDSs. In loop-structured DWDSs, finished water with different PFAS characteristics could mix along the pipeline, with the corresponding DWTP as the center, ultimately forming a relatively uniform distribution in the entire DWDS.
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Chen et al. reported that the PFAS removal performance of the ozonation-biological activated carbon process was better than that of GAC alone.
“Chen et al. [44] reported that the PFAS removal performance of the ozonation-biological activated carbon process was better than that of GAC alone [44].”
From A Mini-Review of Full-Scale Drinking Water Treatment Plants for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Removal: Possible Solutions and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as Chen et al. [44]
Some studies have revealed that the ozonation-biological activated carbon process in DWTPs may be effective in removing PFAS from water.
“Some studies have revealed that the ozonation-biological activated carbon process in DWTPs may be effective in removing PFAS from water [44,45].”
From A Mini-Review of Full-Scale Drinking Water Treatment Plants for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Removal: Possible Solutions and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
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Self-citationSun, H., Guo, Y., Zhao, H., Shi, B., & Wang, H. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7451189
Self-citationRoark, K. J., Ackerly, K. L., Bolser, D. G., & Nielsen, K. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2026.1881663
- Authors
- Chen, R., Li, G., He, Y., Pan, L., Yu, Y., & Shi, B.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Shi, Baoyou
- Venue
- Water Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 198
- Pages
- 117162
- ISSN
- 0043-1354 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3155358067
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 3.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Water Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0400803)
- Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (2017ZX07108 - 002)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51678558)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Water Systems and Optimization
- Keywords
- perfluorinated compounds, PFAS transport, drinking water treatment plant, drinking water distribution systems, South-to-North Water Diversion Project, granular activated carbon adsorption, loose deposits, tap water contamination, PFAS removal
- MeSH terms
- China, Fluorocarbons, Ultraviolet Rays, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Drinking Water
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