Alcohol Use and Problem Drinking among Women Firefighters
Open accessAbstract
Objectives Given high levels of occupational stress and toxic exposures, firefighters have a relatively high prevalence of occupationally related medical and mental health disorders compared with the general public. Previous research found high rates of heavy and binge drinking among male firefighters. This study is the first to examine alcohol use among women firefighters.Methods Data were collected as part of a national online survey of women, career firefighters.Results A total of 1,913 women firefighters completed questions regarding alcohol use. Nearly 40% reported binge drinking in the previous month and 4.3% reported driving while intoxicated. Among those who drank, 16.5% screened positive for problem drinking. Problem drinkers were more than 2.5 times as likely to have been diagnosed with depression or have symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, and were approximately 40% more likely to have been injured on the job in the previous year, when compared with other women firefighters. Those who screened positive for problem drinking also were significantly less likely to say that they would recommend a fire service career to other women.Conclusions As with male firefighters, heavy and problem drinking are prevalent among women firefighters and are associated with negative occupational outcomes.
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The general female population displays significantly lower levels of binge drinking behavior (about 13.5%).
“recent reports indicate the general female population displays significantly lower levels of binge drinking behavior (i.e., about 13.5% [90]).”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [90]
In a large sample of 1913 female firefighters, about 40% reported binge drinking.
“Haddock et al. [90] assessed drinking behavior in a large sample of female firefighters (N = 1913). Their results indicate about 40% of female firefighters reported binge drinking.”
From The Cyclical Battle of Insomnia and Mental Health Impairment in Firefighters: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [90]
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Coimbra, M. A. R., Ikegami, É. M., Delfino, F. A. D. P., da Rosa, E. L. H. T., & Ferreira, L. A. (2023) · Vigiles · doi:10.56914/revistavigiles-2595-4229-v6n1-12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tavakoli, N., Correa-Fernández, V., Lebeaut, A., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2024) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2024.2383977 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vega, F. R., Lopez, A., Beakley, V., Cohen, A. S., & Champagne‐Langabeer, T. (2025) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-025-00666-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sleep and Substance Use Among Firefighters: Associations with Alcohol, Caffeine, and Nicotine Use
Reichenberger, D., Lee, L. J., Hebl, J., Ayeni, A., Robinson, L. D., Watkins, S. L., Haswarey, A. H., Hurtado, D. A., McHill, A. W., Bodner, T., et al. (2026) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s605149 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Garmezy, L. B. (2019) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9803-9.ch002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Weight Status and Binge Drinking Among Male and Female Florida Firefighters
Kling, H. E., Koru‐Sengul, T., Solle, N. S., Feliciano, P. L., Lee, D. J., Kobetz, E. N., & Caban-Martinez, A. J. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002894 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Qualitative Study Exploring Barriers to Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Firefighters
Kue, J., Piñeiro, B., Gutierrez, A., Essa, M., Szalacha, L. A., Moffatt, S. M., Muegge, C. M., Candito, D., Ashraf, N., & Menon, U. (2024) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000003095 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jamshidzadeh, M., Parker, K., & Son, C. (2024) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/10711813241262016 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Brumfield, L., Miner, S. M., Tydings, D. M., & Carey, M. G. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002787 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Occupational Risk Factors and the Mental Health of Women Firefighters
Hollerbach, B. S. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8544-3.ch063
Psychological Hazards Related to Emergency Response
Stahl, D. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119561026.ch7
Coimbra, M. A. R., Ikegami, É. M., Souza, L. A., Haas, V. J., & Ferreira, L. A. (2024) · Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales · doi:10.55905/revconv.17n.3-100
A Scoping Review of Firefighters' Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases
Glasgow, T. E., Burch, J. B., Arcan, C., Reading, J. M., Theal, M., Cyrus, J. W. W., & Fuemmeler, B. F. (2024) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.48.3.16
Wheldon, K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02126-7_2
Understanding Psychology and Its Application to the Fire Service
Wheldon, K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02126-7_3
Implementing Upstream Solutions for Firefighter Safety and Well-Being
Wheldon, K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02126-7_6
“Left Out at the Kitchen Table”: Exploring Peer Support Needs Among Women Firefighters
Hollerbach, B. S., Ridenour, S., Sutherland, C., Koeppel, M. D. H., Jitnarin, N., Valenti, M., Edwards, D. L., Jack, K., Burgess, J. L., & Jahnke, S. A. (2026) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.70094
Self-citationZegel, M., Vujanovic, A. A., & Gallagher, M. W. (2026) · Fire · doi:10.3390/fire9070282
The Role of Alcohol in EMS Culture: Perspectives from Frontline Providers
Koeppel, M. D. H., Shlansky, B., Jitnarin, N., Haddock, C. K., & Jahnke, S. A. (2026) · Occupational Health · doi:10.3390/occuphealth1030041
Self-citation
- Authors
- Haddock, C. K., Poston, W. S. C., Jahnke, S. A., & Jitnarin, N.
- Affiliations
- National Development and Research Institutes (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haddock, Christopher K.
- Venue
- Women's Health Issues
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 632-638
- ISSN
- 1049-3867 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5694370
- OpenAlex
- W2747080853
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 4.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Women s Health Issues (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R21HL119024)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- women firefighters, alcohol consumption, binge drinking, problem drinking, occupational stress, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, occupational injuries, drunk driving, career firefighters, occupational health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Depression, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Middle Aged, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Prevalence, Young Adult, Firefighters, Binge Drinking
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