Alcohol use among firefighters in the central United States
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although the US National Fire Service is concerned about alcohol use among firefighters, little research has been conducted on the topic. AIMS: To survey alcohol use patterns among career and volunteer firefighters. METHODS: Data were from a population-based cohort study of male firefighters conducted in randomly selected career and volunteer departments. Data were collected from 2008 to 2010. RESULTS: There were 656 participants from 11 career and volunteer 13 departments included in the study with a response rate of 97%. Career firefighters drank approximately 10 days per month (just about half of their off duty days) and drank relatively heavily on those days. Fifty-eight per cent of career and 40% of volunteer firefighters averaged three or more drinks and similar percentages reported binge drinking on the days they consumed alcohol. In general, firefighters who drank but did not binge drink tended to have the best health outcomes, while those who binge drank typically were at highest risk of negative health outcomes. Nine per cent of career and 10% of volunteer firefighters who drank self-reported driving while intoxicated in the previous 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high rates of heavy and binge drinking, local and nationally coordinated efforts to increase the surveillance of drinking behaviour among firefighters and the development of targeted prevention interventions are critically needed.
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Between one-third and two-thirds of emergency responders report engaging in hazardous alcohol use, which is associated with other mental health challenges and with sleep problems in this population.
“between one-third and two-thirds of emergency responders report engaging in hazardous alcohol use, which is associated with each of these other mental health challenges and with sleep problems in this population (19–21).”
From Pilot outcomes and exploration of treatment mechanisms using a culturally adapted version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to improve mental health symptoms, alcohol misuse, functional outcomes, and sleep quality in emergency responders (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
Alcohol use disorder among firefighters is estimated at approximately 50%, nearly twice that of the general population.
“Alcohol use disorder (AUD) among firefighters is estimated at approximately 50% [7], nearly twice that of the general population [8].”
From Mindful attention training workshop for firefighters: Design and methodology of a pilot randomized clinical trial (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
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Casanova, M. P., Nelson, M. C., & Baker, R. T. (2020) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2020.1761509 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Meyer, E. C., Roth, S. G., Coe, E., Taylor, D. J., & Gulliver, S. B. (2025) · Frontiers in Health Services · doi:10.3389/frhs.2025.1452976 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Illicit Prescription Opioid Use Among U.S. Firefighters
Suminski, R. R., Jr., Jahnke, S. A., Jitnarin, N., Kaipust, C. M., Haddock, C. K., & Poston, W. S. C. (2025) · Fire · doi:10.3390/fire8030112 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Ras, J., & Leach, L. L. (2022) · The Open Public Health Journal · doi:10.2174/18749445-v15-e221026-2022-73 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Buser, S. J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38149-2_2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hazardous alcohol use and cardiometabolic risk among firefighters
Levitt, D. E., Wohlgemuth, K. J., Burnham, E. F., Conner, M. J., Collier, J. J., & Mota, J. A. (2025) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.15517 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Miller, A., Jahnke, S. A., & Singh, K. P. (2021) · International Journal of Emergency Services · doi:10.1108/ijes-01-2021-0003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Bender, B. F. (2018) · UST Research Online (University of St. Thomas - Minnesota) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Williamson, G., Khatun, T., King, K., Simms, A., Dymond, S., Goodwin, L., Carr, E., Fear, N. T., Murphy, D., & Leightley, D. (2026) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0001154 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Plaitano, E. G., Frumkin, M. R., Jacobson, N. C., Gray, J. J., Panchal, A. R., Watson, P., & Marsch, L. A. (2026) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-026-00201-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lubina, K. A., Rivera‐Núñez, Z., Calkins, M. M., Laumbach, R. J., Lu, S., Burgess, J. L., Austin, E., Edwards, D. L., Koeppel, M. D. H., Goodrich, J. M., et al. (2026) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.70104 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Binge Drinking Among Public Sector Food Service Workers in Brazil
Costa, B. V. D. L., Assunção, A. Á., Santos, J. E., da Silva, L. A. F., Ramos, S. A., & Lima, E. D. P. (2021) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002382 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Weight Status and Binge Drinking Among Male and Female Florida Firefighters
Kling, H. E., Koru‐Sengul, T., Solle, N. S., Feliciano, P. L., Lee, D. J., Kobetz, E. N., & Caban-Martinez, A. J. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002894 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Meyer, E. C., Farchione, T. J., Kimbrel, N. A., Kwok, O., Pennington, M. L., Rostockyj, J. A., & Gulliver, S. B. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2025.101537 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Perturbação de stress pós-traumático em bombeiros: prevenção e intervenção
Vara, N., Faria, S., Fonseca, S. M., & Queirós, C. M. L. (2021) · RISCOS - Associação Portuguesa de Riscos, Prevenção e Segurança eBooks · doi:10.34037/978-989-9053-06-9_1.2_34 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Haddock, C. K., Jahnke, S. A., Poston, W. S. C., Jitnarin, N., Kaipust, C. M., Tuley, B., & Hyder, M. L.
- Affiliations
- National Development and Research Institutes (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haddock, C. K.
- Venue
- Occupational Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-10-12
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 661-664
- ISSN
- 0962-7480 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-8405
- OpenAlex
- W2097824645
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Occupational Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Performance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- alcohol consumption, firefighters, binge drinking, heavy drinking, career firefighters, volunteer firefighters, drunk driving, occupational health, alcohol prevention interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Colorado, Humans, Male, Midwestern United States, Cohort Studies, Firefighters, Binge Drinking
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