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Peer support among persons with severe mental illnesses: a review of evidence and experience
Open accessAbstract
Peer support is largely considered to represent a recent advance in community mental health, introduced in the 1990s as part of the mental health service user movement. Actually, peer support has its roots in the moral treatment era inaugurated by Pussin and Pinel in France at the end of the 18th century, and has re-emerged at different times throughout the history of psychiatry. In its more recent form, peer support is rapidly expanding in a number of countries and, as a result, has become the focus of considerable research. Thus far, there is evidence that peer staff providing conventional mental health services can be effective in engaging people into care, reducing the use of emergency rooms and hospitals, and reducing substance use among persons with co-occurring substance use disorders. When providing peer support that involves positive self-disclosure, role modeling, and conditional regard, peer staff have also been found to increase participants' sense of hope, control, and ability to effect changes in their lives; increase their self-care, sense of community belonging, and satisfaction with various life domains; and decrease participants' level of depression and psychosis.
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“Interest in peer support (i.e., involvement of PWLE in supporting other PWLE) has waxed and waned over the years, with a tremendous amount of activity at present 317 .”
From Ethical challenges in contemporary psychiatry: an overview and an appraisal of possible strategies and research needs (2024) · cites this paper as [317]
In the citing paper
“PWLE perform as well as others when they are in licensed practitioner roles 317 .”
From Ethical challenges in contemporary psychiatry: an overview and an appraisal of possible strategies and research needs (2024) · cites this paper as [317]
In the citing paper
“Peer supporters increase users' sense of hope and control, self-care, sense of belonging to a community, life satisfaction, and the ability to change their lives 317 .”
From Ethical challenges in contemporary psychiatry: an overview and an appraisal of possible strategies and research needs (2024) · cites this paper as [317]
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Which Homeless Veterans Benefit From a Peer Mentor and How?
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Medicaid Reimbursement of Mental Health Peer-Run Organizations: Results of a National Survey
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“However, participating in these networks could broaden opportunities for recovery-oriented services within the managed care network and other network providers (Davidson and Guy 2012).”
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“Although there are few studies assessing the effectiveness of peer support in mental health services (51, 53), studies on adults have shown that peer support programs positively affect the recovery process by enhancing engagement and reducing hospitalization stays (54, 55).”
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“Authors recommend that the process of creating peer positions should include the active involvement of non-peer staff, organizational leaders and people in recovery, especially those who may serve as champions in the effort (20).”
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“Although this has not been specifically examined in parenting interventions, some studies suggest that peer mentors reduce stigma among people with severe mental illness.(14) This reduced stigma may be 1 explanation for the lower attrition rates seen with peer mentor interventions compared with interventions with simi…”
BackgroundTrends in the utilization of a peer‐supported youth hotline
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A Model for Understanding Lived Expertise to Support Effective Recruitment of Peer Roles
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“Increasingly, evidence indicates the success of the peer workforce in supporting positive clinical and social outcomes for people accessing mental health services (Bellamy et al., 2017; Davidson & Guy, 2012; King & Simmons, 2018; Repper & Carter, 2011).”
Foye, U., Lyons, N., Shah, P., Mitchell, L., Machin, K., Chipp, B., Jeffreys, S., Jeynes, T., Persaud, K., Nicholls, V., et al. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06850-z · Cited by 14
“Peer support is an organic and naturally occurring experience that has become formalised and disseminated within mental health services in recent decades [1, 2].”
Peer Worker-Supported Transition from Hospital to Home—Outcomes for Service Users
Hancock, N., Berry, B., Banfield, M., Pike-Rowney, G., Scanlan, J. N., & Norris, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052743 · Cited by 15
Bastien, L., Böke, B. N., Mettler, J., Zito, S., Genova, L. D., Romano, V., Lewis, S. P., Whitley, R., Iyer, S. N., & Heath, N. L. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/34168 · Cited by 11
“These initiatives allow peers to provide assistance to others drawing on their own lived experience of mental health challenges and to help others in their recovery journey [26].”
Enhancing Role Integrity for Peer Workers
Elswick, A., Murdock, M., & Fallin‐Bennett, A. (2023) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-023-01156-4 · Cited by 14
Role of family in supporting children with mental disorders in Qatar
Fakhrou, A. A., Adawi, T. R., Ghareeb, S. A., Elsherbiny, A. M., & Al-Falasi, M. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18914 · Cited by 23
Bravata, D. M., Kim, J., Russell, D. W., Goldman, R., & Pace, E. M. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/48864 · Cited by 17
“Peer support has been associated with increased engagement in self-care; improved quality of life; and reduced substance use, depression symptoms, and hospital admission rates for some mental health disorders [40,41].”
BackgroundVajpayee, A. (2023) · Journal of Mental Health Issues and Behavior · doi:10.55529/jmhib.35.21.33 · Cited by 18
Mirbahaeddin, E., & Chreim, S. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-10943-y · Cited by 17
“In peer support communities, individuals share experiential knowledge to encourage and pursue recovery as a mutual goal, showing common purpose and interdependence [41, 42].”
BackgroundWeng, S. S., & Spaulding‐Givens, J. (2016) · Human Services Organizations Management Leadership & Governance · doi:10.1080/23303131.2016.1218810 · Cited by 14
Qualitative Evaluation of a Peer Navigator Program for Latinos with Serious Mental Illness
Sheehan, L. L., Torres, A., Lara, J. L., Paniagua, D., Larson, J. E., Mayes, J., Doig, S., & Corrigan, P. W. (2017) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-017-0839-5 · Cited by 14
Training in Mental Health Recovery and Social Justice in the Public Sector
Carr, E. R., Bhagwat, R., Miller, R. A., & Ponce, A. N. (2014) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000014555200 · Cited by 16
Self-citationAre peer specialists happy on the job?
Jenkins, S. E., Chenneville, T., & Salnaitis, C. L. (2017) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/prj0000259 · Cited by 14
“Much is still unknown regarding what peer specialists do with their lived experiences and for whom, under what circumstances, and to what effects (Davidson et al., 2012).”
BackgroundVillani, M., & Kovess–Masféty, V. (2018) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2018.01.003 · Cited by 14
Hansen, H. A., Stige, S. H., Moltu, C., Johannessen, J. O., Joa, I., Dybvig, S., & Veseth, M. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-019-0289-4 · Cited by 17
Gumport, N. B., Yu, S. H., & Harvey, A. G. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113443 · Cited by 17
A community of practice for peer mental workers: Lessons learned
Mandiberg, J. M., & Gates, L. B. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/15487768.2017.1304294 · Cited by 13
“Peers are in an awkward intersection between several underspecified areas (Davidson, Chinman, Sells, & Rowe, 2006; Davidson et al., 2012; McAllister & Walsh, 2004).”
BackgroundConceptual Framework for Personal Recovery in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Dreyer, R. P., Pavlo, A. J., Horne, A., Dunn, R., Danvers, K., Brush, J. E., Slade, M., & Davidson, L. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.022354 · Cited by 23
Self-citationHaun, M., Ben-Dor, I. A., Hall, C., Kalha, J., Korde, P., Moran, G. S., Mueller‐Stierlin, A. S., Niwemuhwezi, J., Nixdorf, R., Puschner, B., et al. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-10543-w · Cited by 13
“After the implementation, key informants across all sites reported various advantages of UPSIDES for the PSWs themselves, including increased knowledge and awareness about mental illness (PU 33, DS 43), and improved self-confidence through the training (UKE 49, 65) or the work itself (PU 23, DS 44).”
BackgroundInfluentialEvaluation of the Perceived Benefits of a Peer Support Group for People with Mental Health Problems
Beard, D., Cottam, C., & Painter, J. (2024) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep14030124 · Cited by 17
“Davidson et al. [9] propose a tripartite model integrating individual, familial, and socio-cultural factors to understand depression, emphasising the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social elements.”
BackgroundUmbrella review of systematic reviews of peer support in substance use settings
Mahon, D. (2025) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-01-2025-0002 · Cited by 15
Peer-Stadt Hamburg? Doppelte Peer-Beratung an der Schnittstelle ambulant-stationär
Mahlke, C., Heumann, K., Sielaff, G., Bock, T. A., & Ruppelt, F. (2015) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1627586 · Cited by 13
“Sie entsprechen der internationalen Studienlage (8, 9), wurden aber auch in Hamburg auf anspruchsvollem wissenschaftlichen Niveau mit randomisierter Stichprobe überprüft: Selbstwirksamkeit war primäres, Lebensqualität, soziales Funktionsniveau sowie Reduktion von Krankenhaustage sekundäres Outcome-Kriterium.”
Background“Here if you need me”: exploring peer support to enhance access to physical health care
Bocking, J., Ewart, S. B., Happell, B., Platania‐Phung, C., Stanton, R., & Scholz, B. (2017) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2017.1385741 · Cited by 13
“Peer work is often characterised as amorphous (Davidson et al., 2013).”
BackgroundBaker, A., Borland, R., Bonevski, B., Segan, C., Turner, A., Brophy, L. M., McCarter, K. L., Kelly, P. J., Williams, J. M., Baird, D. E., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00124 · Cited by 15
“Peer support, which is one element of peer work, is based on the belief that people who have faced, endured, and overcome adversity can offer useful support, encouragement, hope, and mentorship to others facing similar situations (29).”
BackgroundDooley, C. M., Carroll, B., Fry, L. E., Seamon-Lahiff, G. E., & Bartone, P. T. (2019) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usz084 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- DAVIDSON, L., BELLAMY, C., GUY, K., & MILLER, R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 123-128
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-5545
- PMC
- PMC3363389
- OpenAlex
- W2100229021
- Cited by
- 913
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 137 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 11
- FWCI
- 37.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- peer support, severe mental illness, moral treatment, community mental health, engagement in care, emergency department utilization, hospitalization, co-occurring substance use disorders, self-disclosure, role modeling, hope, self-care, community belonging, depression, psychosis
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