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Impact of Latent Tuberculosis on Severity and Outcomes in Admitted COVID-19 Patients

Madan, M., Baldwa, B., Raja, A., Tyagi, R., Dwivedi, T., Mohan, A., Mittal, S., Madan, K., Hadda, V., Tiwari, P., et al. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.19882 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Revisiting the Chingleput BCG vaccination trial for the impact of BCG revaccination on the incidence of tuberculosis disease

Velayutham, B., Thiruvengadam, K., Kumaran, P. P., Watson, B., Rajendran, K., & Padmapriyadarsini, C. (2022) · International Journal of Microbiology Research · doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1540_22 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

On BCG Vaccine Protection from COVID-19: A Review

Bagheri, N., & Montazeri, H. (2021) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-021-00835-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Heat inactivated mycobacteria, alpha‐Gal and zebrafish: Insights gained from experiences with two promising trained immunity inductors and a validated animal model

Juste, R. A., Ferreras‐Colino, E., de la Fuente, J., Domínguez, M., Risalde, M. Á., Domı́nguez, L., Cabezas‐Cruz, A., & Gortázar, C. (2022) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.13529 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Efforts towards a COVID ‐19 vaccine

Brüssow, H. (2020) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/1462-2920.15225 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Large-Scale Structure-Based Screening of Potential T Cell Cross-Reactivities Involving Peptide-Targets From BCG Vaccine and SARS-CoV-2

Tarabini, R. F., Rigo, M., Fonseca, A. F., Rubin, F. P., Belle, R. L., Kavraki, L. E., Ferreto, T. C., Antunes, D. A., & de Souza, A. P. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.812176 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

COVID-19 and earlier pandemics, sepsis, and vaccines: A historical perspective

Cavaillon, J.-M., & Osuchowski, M. F. (2021) · Journal of Intensive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jointm.2021.04.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

The Potential Roles of BCG Vaccine in the Prevention or Treatment of COVID-19

Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, H., & Gong, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/j.fbl2705157 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

A place for neutrophils in the beneficial pathogen-agnostic effects of the BCG vaccine

Brook, B., Schaltz‐Buchholzer, F., Ben-Othman, R., Kollmann, T. R., & Amenyogbe, N. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.092 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Effect of Concomitant Tuberculosis Infection on COVID-19 Disease in Children: A Matched, Retrospective Cohort Study

Mathur, S. B., Saxena, R., Pallavi, P., Jain, R., Mishra, D., & Jhamb, U. (2022) · Journal of Tropical Pediatrics · doi:10.1093/tropej/fmac056 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

COVID-19 and Beyond: Exploring Public Health Benefits from Non-Specific Effects of BCG Vaccination

Koster, K. J., Webb, H. L., & Cirillo, J. D. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9102120 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Effect of BCG Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Li, Y.-P., Cai, J.-W., Liao, L.-J., Ding, H., Cao, X.-J., Zhu, G.-D., & Guo, X.-G. (2021) · Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2021.406 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Evaluating the effect of BCG vaccination for non-specific protection from infection in senior citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomised clinical trial

Madsen, A. M. R., Gehrt, L., Schaltz‐Buchholzer, F., Möller, S., Christiansen, R., Schellerup, L., Norberg, L. A., Krause, T. G., Nielsen, S., Bliddal, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106319 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Recent advances in non-specific immune memory against bovine tuberculosis

Blanco, F. C., y García, J. S., & Bigi, F. (2021) · Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101615 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Does Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccination Protect against COVID-19 Outcomes: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Kolla, E., Weill, A., Desplas, D., Semenzato, L., Zureik, M., & Grimaldi‐Bensouda, L. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10111938 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

BCG revaccination qualitatively and quantitatively enhances SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific neutralizing antibody and T cell responses induced by the COVISHIELDTM vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative young Indian adultsPreprint

Rakshit, S., Adiga, V., Ahmed, A., Parthiban, C., Kumar, N. C., Shivalingaiah, S., Rao, S., D′Souza, G., Dwarkanath, P., Dias, M., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1395683/v1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Role of Trained Immunity in Heath and Disease

Das, S., & Lavine, K. J. (2025) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-024-02167-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Trained immunity in acute and chronic neurological diseases

Zhang, S., & Liesz, A. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106037 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Exploring the multifocal therapeutic approaches in COVID-19: A ray of hope

Kumar, A., Dey, A. D., Behl, T., Chadha, S., & Aggarwal, V. (2020) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107156 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Children Naturally Evading COVID-19—Why Children Differ from Adults

Sørensen, C. A., Clemmensen, A., Sparrewath, C., Tetens, M. M., & Krogfelt, K. A. (2022) · COVID · doi:10.3390/covid2030025 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Alendronate modulates cytokine responses in healthy young individuals after BCG vaccination

Bulut, O. P., Kılıç, G., Debisarun, P. A., Röring, R. J., Sun, S. J., Kolkman, M., van Rijssen, E., ten Oever, J., Koenen, H. J. P. M., Barreiro, L. B., et al. (2024) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106851 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Effect of BCG on Respiratory Complications Caused by COVID-19: A Scoping Review

da Costa, C. G., Jalalizadeh, M., Yadollahvandmiandoab, R., Buosi, K., & Reis, L. O. (2022) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s393861 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

BCG: new life for a centenarian vaccine

Aaby, P., & Benn, C. S. (2021) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30714-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Multidimensional futuristic approaches to address the pandemics beyond COVID-19

Kotwal, S. B., Orekondey, N., Saradadevi, G. P., Priyadarshini, N., Puppala, N. V., Bhushan, M., Motamarry, S., Kumar, R., Mohannath, G., & Dey, R. J. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17148 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Engineering a dual vaccine against COVID-19 and tuberculosis

Guthrie, C. M., Tan, X., Meeker, A. C., Self, A. E., Liu, L., & Cheng, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1273019 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Latent Tuberculosis Infection and COVID-19: Analysis of a Cohort of Patients from Careggi University Hospital (Florence, Italy)

Mariotti, F., Sponchiado, F., Lagi, F., Moroni, C., Paggi, R., Kiros, S. T., Miele, V., Bartoloni, A., Mencarini, J., & The COCORA Working Group (2023) · Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.3390/idr15060068 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Viral Epitope Scanning Reveals Correlation between Seasonal HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses among Cancer and Non-Cancer Patients

Lidenge, S. J., Yalcin, D., Bennett, S. J., Ngalamika, O., Kweyamba, B. B., Mwita, C. J., Tso, F. Y., Mwaiselage, J. D., West, J. T., & Wood, C. A. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16030448 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Significance of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine intervention for patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Korde, S. B., Pillewan, S. R., Dumbre, S. R., Bandgar, A. R., Shinde, P. S., Gairola, S., & Nikam, V. S. (2024) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103102 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

BCG as an adjunct or alternative vaccine to prevent COVID-19?

Weng, C., & Chan, P. A. (2020) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa175 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Cheap and Commonplace: Making the Case for BCG and γδ T Cells in COVID-19

Morrison, A. L., Sharpe, S. A., White, A., & Bodman‐Smith, M. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.743924 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Epidemiological transcriptomic data supports BCG protection in viral diseases including COVID-19

Sharma, A. (2021) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2021.145574 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Unleashing the power of the BCG vaccine in modulating viral immunity through heterologous protection: A scoping review

Campelo, T. A., Oliveira, N. S., Souza, P. F. N., de-Oliveira, D. F. G., Frota, C. C., & Antas, P. R. Z. (2025) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2025.2521190 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Non-specific protection against severe COVID-19 associated to typhoid fever and DTP vaccination

Juste, R. A., Vrotsou, K., Mateo‐Abad, M., Gutiérrez-Stampa, M. A., del Campo, R. R., Vergara, I., & Bujanda, L. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29935 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Genetic Variants in Immune Related Genes as Predictors of Responsiveness to BCG Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma Patients

Ramos, R. I., Shaw, M. A., Foshag, L. J., Stern, S. L., Rahimzadeh, N., Elashoff, D. A., & Hoon, D. S. �. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13010091 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Lower SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Cancer Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa

Tso, F. Y., Lidenge, S. J., Ngowi, J. R., Peña, P. B., Clegg, A. A., Ngalamika, O., Mwita, C. J., Mwaiselage, J. D., & Wood, C. A. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11154428 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The Cellular and Epigenetic Aspects of Trained Immunity and Prospects for Creation of Universal Vaccines on the Eve of More Frequent Pandemics

Алексеенко, И. В., Vasilov, R. G., Kondratyeva, L. G., Kostrov, S. V., Чернов, И. П., & Sverdlov, E. D. (2023) · Russian Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1134/s1022795423090028 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Induction of Trained Immunity by BCG: Recent Data and Opinions

Алексеенко, И. В., Kondratyeva, L. G., Чернов, И. П., & Sverdlov, E. D. (2024) · Russian Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1134/s1022795424701187 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Rationale for Randomized Clinical Trials Investigating the Potential of BCG Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19 Infection

Rivas, M. N., Rosser, C. J., & Arditi, M. (2021) · Bladder Cancer · doi:10.3233/blc-201529 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

ADJUVANT AND OTHER EFFECTS OF BCG VACCINE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NEW CORONAVIRUS DISEASE COVID-19

Ivashkevich, Y. V., Kazacheuskaya, L., Валерьевна, П. А., & Churilov, L. P. (2020) · Juvenis scientia · doi:10.32415/jscientia_2020_6_4_5-29 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Çocukluk Çağı Aşıları ve Covid-19 Enfeksiyonu

Yaytokgil, Ş. B., & Toyran, M. (2022) · Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease · doi:10.12956/tchd.884410 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine generates immunoregulatory cells in the cervical lymph nodes in guinea pigs injected intra dermally

Vergkizi, S., & Nikolakakis, I. (2020) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Non-Specific Cross Protection of BCG Vaccination in Dairy Calves

López, R., Villarroel, V., Neira, V., Aguayo, C., Saadi, K., Orozco, K., Ábalos, P., & Retamal, P. (2025) · Dairy · doi:10.3390/dairy6050060 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin revaccination in preventing tuberculosis disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rossi, Y. I., Bolner, G., de Oliveira, F. D., Dall’Acqua, J. C., Antunes, V., & Dias, C. A. G. (2025) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyaf186 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

BCG Vaccination Modulates Long-Term TNF-α and sCD40L in COVID-19: An Exploratory Longitudinal Study

Fávero, C., Barbosa, G., Pellegrini, V., Melo, D., Shariat, S. F., Pascoal, L., & Reis, L. (2026) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s600024 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

All mycobacteria are inventive, but some are more Daedalean than others

Geluk, A. (2021) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12970 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Is the BCG Vaccine an Answer to Future Pandemic Preparedness?

Khan, N., Rouphael, N., Baden, L. R., & Graciaa, D. S. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10020201 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Cellular and Epigenetic Aspects of Trained Immunity and Prospects for Creation of Universal Vaccines in the Face of Increasingly Frequent Pandemics

Алексеенко, И. В., Vasilov, R. G., Kondratyeva, L. G., Kostrov, S. V., Чернов, И. П., & Sverdlov, E. D. (2023) · Генетика · doi:10.31857/s0016675823090023 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The effect of BCG vaccination on adult mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trialsPreprint

Schaltz‐Buchholzer, F., Curtis, N. C., Diacon, A. H., Giamarellos‐Bourboulis, E. J., Kotsaki, A., Madsen, A. M. R., Messina, N. L., Nhamússua, L., Nielsen, S., Pittet, L. F., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.11.19.25340570 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Combined Drug Interventions and its Efficacy in the Reduction of COVID-19 Burden : A Within-Host Modeling Study with reference to HCQ and BCG Vaccination

Chhetri, B., Vamsi, D. K. K., Prakash, B., & Sanjeevi, C. B. (2021) · Advances in Dynamical Systems and Applications · doi:10.37622/adsa/16.1.2021.369-403

BCG VACCINATION STATUS AND EARLY OUTCOME OF COVID 19 : AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Nair, S., Singla, K., Patel, B., Ghanekar, J., & Potdar, P. V. (2022) · Indian Journal Of Applied Research · doi:10.36106/ijar/4202523

エピゲノム記憶によって誘導される訓練免疫

Yoshida, K. (2021) · KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU · doi:10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.59.110

Role of BCG and Measles vaccination in protection against COVID-19 infection and severity of the disease: A pilot case-control study

Ranjan, A., Kumar, P., Verma, M., Singh, C., Pandey, S., Naik, B. N., Nirala, S. K., & Rao, R. (2022) · National Journal of Community Medicine · doi:10.55489/njcm1322022160

The impact of pre-existing thyroid diseases on susceptibility to respiratory infections or self-reported sickness during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Rops, M. A. J., Moorlag, S. J. C. F. M., van Deuren, R. C., Jaeger, M., Joosten, L. A. B., Medici, M., Netea, M. G., Smit, J. W. A., & Netea-Maier, R. T. (2022) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000436

impact of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination on the course of COVID-19

Gałązka, J. K. (2022) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2022.12.10.016

Relationship between Tuberculin Skin Test and COVID-19 Outcomes among Patients with COVID-19 in Zahedan, Iran.

Alavi-Naini, R., Sargolzaie, N., & Metanat, M. (2022) · PubMed Central

Pandemic of Coronavirus 19: A Comprehensive Literature Review, Therapeutic Options and Possible Lessons from SARS-COV Therapy

Rao, J. (2021) · Open Access Journal of Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.23880/oajpr-16000234

Bacille Calmette–Guerin Vaccine May Be an Effective Tool for COVID-19 Prevention

Jerath, V. P., Kulkarni, S. V., & Basak, S. (2024) · Indian Journal of Medical Specialities · doi:10.4103/injms.injms_172_23

The effect of BCG vaccination on infection and antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2—The results of ProBCG: a multicenter randomized clinical trial in Brazil

Santos, A. P., Werneck, G. L., Dalvi, A. P. R., dos Santos, C. C., Tierno, P. F. G. M. M., Condelo, H. S., Macedo, B., Leung, J. A. M., Nogueira, J. D. S., Malvão, L., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.02.014 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

A Multi-Center, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial Evaluating the Impact of BCG Re-Vaccination on the Incidence and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Symptomatic Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland—First Results

Czajka, H., Zapolnik, P., Krzych, Ł. J., Kmiecik, W., Stopyra, L., Nowakowska, A., Jackowska, T., Darmochwał-Kolarz, D., Szymański, H., Radziewicz‐Winnicki, I., et al. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10020314 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

BCG as an adjunct or alternative vaccine to prevent COVID-19?

Weng, C., & Chan, P. A. (2020) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa175 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

BCG vaccination of healthcare workers for protection against COVID-19: 12-month outcomes from an international randomised controlled trial

Messina, N. L., Pittet, L. F., McDonald, E. A., Moore, C. L., Barry, S. E., Bonten, M. J. M., Byrne, A., Campbell, J., Croda, J., Croda, M. G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106245 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

BCG revaccination of health workers in Brazil to improve innate immune responses against COVID-19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Junqueira‐Kipnis, A. P., dos Anjos, L. R. B., Barbosa, L. C. D. S., da Costa, A. C., Borges, K. C. M., Cardoso, A. D. R. O., Ribeiro, K. M., Rosa, S. B. A., Souza, C. D. C., das Neves, R. C., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04822-0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works