Long-term outcomes from the PEARLS randomized trial for the treatment of depression in patients with epilepsy
Abstract
Depression is associated with higher rates of suicide and lower quality of life in individuals with epilepsy. We previously published the 12-month outcome from our randomized clinical trial of PEARLS (Ciechanowski P, Chaytor N, Miller J, et al. Epilepsy Behav. Epub 5 July 2010). The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effectiveness of PEARLS, a home-based collaborative care intervention consisting of problem-solving treatment, behavioral activation, and psychiatric consultation, in individuals with epilepsy. Patients were randomly assigned to PEARLS (N=40) or usual care (N=40), and assessed at baseline and 6, 12, and 18 months. Patients assigned to PEARLS achieved lower depression severity (P<0.05) (Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-20), lower suicidal ideation (P<0.02), and better emotional well being (QOLIE-31) (P<0.02) over 18 months, compared with patients given the usual care. The PEARLS program significantly reduces depressive symptoms in adults with epilepsy, and this effect is maintained for 18 months after baseline and for more than 1 year after completion of home visits.
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Severity of depressive symptoms was used as an inclusion criterion in 5 studies (21%).
“Severity of depressive symptoms was used as an inclusion criterion in 5 studies (21%; see Table 1). 26,27,29 -32”
From Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of psychological treatments for people with epilepsy on health-related quality of life (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
The remaining 7 studies (29%) employed a usual care (UC)/treatment as usual (TAU) control group.
“The remaining 7 studies (29%) employed a usual care (UC)/treatment as usual (TAU) control group. 26,27,31,41,44,48 -50”
From Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of psychological treatments for people with epilepsy on health-related quality of life (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
Six interventions (25%) were delivered through individual sessions.
“6 interventions (25%) were delivered through individual sessions, 9,15,26,27,43,44,48”
From Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of psychological treatments for people with epilepsy on health-related quality of life (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
QOLIE-31/31-P/-89 was used in 17 studies (71%), of which 12 (70%) were considered for meta-analyses due to satisfactory methodological homogeneity.
“It was used in 17 studies (71%), of which 12 (70%) were considered for meta-analyses due to satisfactory methodological homogeneity. 26,27,29,30,33,36,37,41,46,47,49,50”
From Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of psychological treatments for people with epilepsy on health-related quality of life (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
The meta-analysis comprised data from 9 studies (37%) with a total of 468 participants.
“Consequently, the meta-analysis comprised data from 9 studies (37%) 26 -30,33,36,46,49,50 with a total of 468 participants (see studies highlighted in gray in Table 1).”
From Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of psychological treatments for people with epilepsy on health-related quality of life (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
Four studies (17%) were rated as high ROB due to evidence of selective outcome reporting within the publications.
“Four studies (17%) 26,27,29,31,41 were rated as high ROB due to evidence of selective outcome reporting within the publications.”
From Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of psychological treatments for people with epilepsy on health-related quality of life (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
Three studies (12%) provided details regarding the attempt to ensure fidelity to the intervention protocol by employing standard training protocols and supervision.
“Three studies (12%), however, provided details regarding the attempt to ensure fidelity to the intervention protocol by employing standard training protocols and supervision. 26 -28,31”
From Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of psychological treatments for people with epilepsy on health-related quality of life (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
The risk of infidelity to the intervention protocol was considered to be relatively low whenever the therapist delivering the intervention coincided with the developer of the intervention protocol (n = 6, 25%).
“Furthermore, the risk of infidelity to the intervention protocol was considered to be relatively low whenever the therapist delivering the intervention coincided with the developer of the intervention protocol (n = 6, 25%) 25 -27,34,46,48,49”
From Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of psychological treatments for people with epilepsy on health-related quality of life (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
Seven studies (64%) reported a significant postintervention difference between the intervention and the control groups for depressive symptoms.
“Seven studies (64%) reported a significant postintervention difference between the intervention and the control groups. 26 -29,31,32,36,46”
From Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of psychological treatments for people with epilepsy on health-related quality of life (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
Five studies (55%) found no significant differences between the treatment and control groups in seizure frequency.
“whereas the other 5 studies (55%) found no significant differences between the groups. 26,27,33,35,38,42”
From Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of psychological treatments for people with epilepsy on health-related quality of life (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
The GAD-7 has been validated by significant positive correlations with a number of anxiety measures, including the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and the anxiety sub-scale of Symptom Checklist-90, and has previously been used as a screening tool in epilepsy.
“The GAD-7 has been validated by significant positive correlations with a number of anxiety measures, including the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and the anxiety sub-scale of Symptom Checklist-90 [17, 21] and it has previously been used as a screening tool in epilepsy [22].”
From A prospective service evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with refractory epilepsy (2015) · cites this paper as [17]
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Suicide in Children and Adults with Epilepsy: A Complex Relationship
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Psychische Störungen bei somatischen Krankheiten
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Epilepsy Foundation efforts to reduce the impact of epilepsy-related comorbidities: We cannot wait
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Quality of Life for Epileptics
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Enhancing quality of mental health service for veterans with seizures
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- Authors
- Chaytor, N., Ciechanowski, P., Miller, J. W., Fraser, R., Russo, J., Unutzer, J., & Gilliam, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Geisinger Health System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chaytor, Naomi
- Venue
- Epilepsy & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 545-549
- ISSN
- 1525-5050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2107265032
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Epilepsy & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K24NS047551, R01NS040808)
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U48-DP000050)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- depression, epilepsy, problem-solving therapy, behavioral activation, psychiatric consultation, suicidal ideation, emotional well-being, quality of life, long-term treatment effectiveness, usual care comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Emotions, Epilepsy, Female, Home Care Services, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Quality of Life, Suicide, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome
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