Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. analysis of sex differences

Azcoitia, Iñigo; Barreto, George E.; Garcia-Segura, Luis M.

doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787

Cited by 125Estrogen and related hormone effectsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. analysis of sex differences

Open access

Azcoitia, Iñigo, Barreto, George E., Garcia-Segura, Luis M.·2019·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

DOI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors or by estrogen receptor independent mechanisms, are initiated at the membrane, the cytoplasm or the cell nucleus of neural cells. Estrogen-dependent signaling regulates a variety of cellular events, such as intracellular Ca 2+ levels, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy and apoptosis. In turn, these molecular and cellular actions of estradiol are integrated by neurons and non-neuronal cells to generate different tissue protective responses, decreasing blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and promoting synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, neurogenesis, remyelination and neuroregeneration. Recent findings indicate that the neuroprotective and neuroreparative actions of estradiol are different in males and females and further research is necessary to fully elucidate the causes for this sex difference.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787

Cites

273 of 273 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Estrogen stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation via the ERK pathway and the AKT/mTOR pathway.
“and stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation via the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway [90–93]”
From Delayed short-term tamoxifen treatment does not promote remyelination or neuron sparing after spinal cord injury (2020) · cites this paper as [90]
Estrogen reduces cell death by reducing extracellular glutamate and reactive oxygen species.
“Estrogen reduces cell death by reducing extracellular glutamate and reactive oxygen species [88–90]”
From Delayed short-term tamoxifen treatment does not promote remyelination or neuron sparing after spinal cord injury (2020) · cites this paper as [90]

Inflammasome signalling in brain function and neurodegenerative disease
Heneka, M. T., McManus, R. M., & Latz, E. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0055-7 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Estrogen actions in the brain and the basis for differential action in men and women: a case for sex-specific medicines
Gillies, G. E., & McArthur, S. (2010) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.109.002071 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Estrogen and/or androgen replacement therapy and cognitive functioning in surgically menopausal women
Sherwin, B. B. (1988) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(88)90060-1 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
Estrogen Signaling Multiple Pathways to Impact Gene Transcription
Marino, M., Galluzzo, P., & Ascenzi, P. (2006) · Current Genomics · doi:10.2174/138920206779315737 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Estrogen: A master regulator of bioenergetic systems in the brain and body
Rettberg, J. R., Yao, J., & Brinton, R. D. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.08.001 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
The neuroprotective actions of oestradiol and oestrogen receptors
Arévalo, M., Azcoitia, Í., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2014) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3856 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Brain estrogen deficiency accelerates Aβ plaque formation in an Alzheimer's disease animal model
Yue, X., Lu, M. G. W., Lancaster, T., Cao, P., Honda, S., Staufenbiel, M., Harada, N., Zhong, Z., Shen, Y., & Li, R. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0505203102 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Aromatase expression by astrocytes after brain injury: implications for local estrogen formation in brain repair
García‐Segura, L. M., Wozniak, A., Azcoitia, Í., Rodríguez, J., Hutchison, R. E., & Hutchison, J. B. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00340-6 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Microglial phagocytosis of newborn cells is induced by endocannabinoids and sculpts sex differences in juvenile rat social play
VanRyzin, J. W., Marquardt, A. E., Argue, K. J., Vecchiarelli, H. A., Ashton, S. E., Arambula, S. E., Hill, M. N., & McCarthy, M. M. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.006 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Brain aromatase is neuroprotective
Azcoitia, Í., Sierra, A., Veiga, S. J., Honda, S., Harada, N., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2001) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.1038 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Estrogen-mediated gut microbiome alterations influence sexual dimorphism in metabolic syndrome in mice
Kaliannan, K., Robertson, R. C., Murphy, K., Stanton, C., Kang, C., Wang, B., Hao, L., Bhan, A. K., & Kang, J. X. (2018) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0587-0 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Estradiol upregulates Bcl-2 expression in adult brain neurons
García‐Segura, L. M., Cardona‐Gómez, G. P., Naftolin, F. N., & Chowen, J. A. (1998) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199803090-00006 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Estrogen Attenuates Ischemic Oxidative Damage via an Estrogen Receptor α-Mediated Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase Activation
Zhang, Q.-G., Raz, L., Wang, R., Han, D. K., Sevilla, L. M. D., Yang, F., Vadlamudi, R. K., & Brann, D. W. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3574-09.2009 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Neuroprotective actions of sex steroids in Parkinson’s disease
Bourque, M., Dluzen, D. E., & Paolo, T. D. (2009) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.04.014 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Increased Synaptic Sprouting in Response to Estrogen via an Apolipoprotein E-Dependent Mechanism: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease
Stone, D. J., Rozovsky, I., Morgan, T. E., Anderson, C. P., & Finch, C. E. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-09-03180.1998 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Oophorectomy, estrogen, and dementia: A 2014 update
Rocca, W. A., Grossardt, B. R., & Shuster, L. T. (2014) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.020 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Neuroprotective effects of estrogens following ischemic stroke
Suzuki, S., Brown, C. M., & Wise, P. M. (2009) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.04.007 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Estradiol rescues neurons from global ischemia-induced cell death: Multiple cellular pathways of neuroprotection
Lebesgue, D., Chevaleyre, V., Zukin, R. S., & Etgen, A. M. (2009) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2009.01.003 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Aromatase Cytochrome P450 and Extragonadal Estrogen Play a Role in Ischemic Neuroprotection
McCullough, L. D., Blizzard, K. K., Simpson, E. R., Öz, O. K., & Hurn, P. D. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-25-08701.2003 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Estrogen Receptor Protein Interaction with Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Leads to Activation of Phosphorylated Akt and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 in the Same Population of Cortical Neurons: A Unified Mechanism of Estrogen Action
Mannella, P., & Brinton, R. D. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1443-06.2006 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
17β-Estradiol Acutely Potentiates Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission in the Hippocampus through Distinct Mechanisms in Males and Females
Oberlander, J. G., & Woolley, C. S. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4437-15.2016 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Estrogen receptor α and β differentially regulate intracellular Ca2+ dynamics leading to ERK phosphorylation and estrogen neuroprotection in hippocampal neurons
Zhao, L., & Brinton, R. D. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.06.092 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Mitochondrial mechanisms of estrogen neuroprotection
Simpkins, J. W., Yi, K. D., Yang, S., & Dykens, J. A. (2009) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.11.013 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Estrogens as neuroprotectants: Estrogenic actions in the context of cognitive aging and brain injury
Engler-Chiurazzi, E. B., Brown, C. M., Povroznik, J. M., & Simpkins, J. W. (2016) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.008 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
The novel estrogenic receptor GPR30 alleviates ischemic injury by inhibiting TLR4-mediated microglial inflammation
Zhang, Z., Qin, P., Deng, Y., Ma, Z., Guo, H., Guo, H., Hou, Y., Wang, S., Zou, W., Sun, Y., et al. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1246-x · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Developmental and hormone-induced epigenetic changes to estrogen and progesterone receptor genes in brain are dynamic across the life span
Schwarz, J. M., Nugent, B. M., & McCarthy, M. M. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-0142 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
17β‐estradiol and progesterone prevent cuprizone provoked demyelination of corpus callosum in male mice
Ács, P., Kipp, M., Norkutė, A., Johann, S., Clarner, T., Braun, A., Berente, Z., Komoly, S., & Beyer, C. (2008) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20806 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Molecular Signaling at Inhibitory Synapses in the Hippocampus
Tabatadze, N., Huang, G., May, R. M., Jain, A., & Woolley, C. S. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1067-15.2015 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Sex differences in microglial phagocytosis in the neonatal hippocampus
Nelson, L. H., Warden, S., & Lenz, K. M. (2017) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.03.010 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
PI3 kinase/Akt activation mediates estrogen and IGF‐1 nigral DA neuronal neuroprotection against a unilateral rat model of Parkinson's disease
Quesada, A., Lee, B. Y., & Micevych, P. E. (2008) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.20609 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Contribution of estrogen receptors alpha and beta to the effects of estradiol in the brain
Morissette, M., Saux, M. L., D’Astous, M., Jourdain, S., Al-Sweidi, S., Morin, N., Estrada-Camarena, E. M., Méndez, P., García‐Segura, L. M., & Paolo, T. D. (2007) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.09.011 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Estrogen Mediates Neuroprotection and Anti-Inflammatory Effects during EAE through ER Signaling on Astrocytes But Not through ER Signaling on Astrocytes or Neurons
Spence, R. D., Wisdom, A. J., Cao, Y., Hill, H., Mongerson, C. R., Stapornkul, B., Itoh, N., Sofroniew, M. V., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0886-13.2013 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Role of Dickkopf-1, an Antagonist of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway, in Estrogen-Induced Neuroprotection and Attenuation of Tau Phosphorylation
Zhang, Q.-G., Wang, R., Khan, M. B., Mahesh, V. B., & Brann, D. W. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2752-08.2008 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
A developmental sex difference in hippocampal neurogenesis is mediated by endogenous oestradiol
Bowers, J. M., Waddell, J., & McCarthy, M. M. (2010) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/2042-6410-1-8 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
The X-linked histone demethylase Kdm6a in CD4+ T lymphocytes modulates autoimmunity
Itoh, Y., Golden, L. C., Itoh, N., Matsukawa, M. A., Ren, E., Tse, V., Arnold, A. P., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci126250 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Estrogen and Bcl-2: Gene Induction and Effect of Transgene in Experimental Stroke
Alkayed, N. J., Goto, S., Sugo, N., Joh, H.-D., Klaus, J. A., Crain, B. J., Bernard, O., Traystman, R. J., & Hurn, P. D. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-19-07543.2001 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
The Endogenous Estrogen Status Regulates Microglia Reactivity in Animal Models of Neuroinflammation
Vegeto, E., Belcredito, S., Ghisletti, S., Meda, C., Etteri, S., & Maggi, A. C. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-1330 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Neuroprotective actions of brain aromatase
Saldanha, C. J., Duncan, K. A., & Walters, B. J. (2009) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.04.016 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Estrogen Can Act via Estrogen Receptor α and β to Protect Hippocampal Neurons against Global Ischemia-Induced Cell Death
Miller, N. R., Jover, T., Cohen, H. W., Zukin, R. S., & Etgen, A. M. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-1515 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Extranuclear Estrogen Receptors Mediate the Neuroprotective Effects of Estrogen in the Rat Hippocampus
Yang, L.-C., Zhang, Q.-G., Zhou, C.-F., Yang, F., Zhang, Y.-D., Wang, R.-M., & Brann, D. W. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009851 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 Mediates Rapid Neuroprotective Effects of Estrogen via Depression of NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors
Liu, S., Zhang, N., Guo, Y., Zhao, R., Shi, T., Feng, S., Wang, S.-Q., Yang, Q., Li, X., Wu, Y., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5828-11.2012 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Selective estrogen receptor modulators decrease the production of interleukin‐6 and interferon‐γ‐inducible protein‐10 by astrocytes exposed to inflammatory challenge in vitro
Cerciat, M., Unkila, M., García‐Segura, L. M., & Arévalo, M. (2009) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20904 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Estrogen attenuates nuclear factor-kappa B activation induced by transient cerebral ischemia
Wen, Y., Yang, S., Liu, R., Perez, E., Yi, K. D., Koulen, P., & Simpkins, J. W. (2004) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.02.019 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Estrogen neuroprotection and the critical period hypothesis
Scott, E. L., Zhang, Q.-G., Wang, R., Vadlamudi, R. K., & Brann, D. W. (2011) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.10.001 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Treatment with an Estrogen Receptor α Ligand Is Neuroprotective in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Morales, L., Loo, K., Liu, H.-B., Peterson, C., Tiwari-Woodruff, S., & Voskuhl, R. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0453-06.2006 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Estradiol inhibits ongoing autoimmune neuroinflammation and NFκB-dependent CCL2 expression in reactive astrocytes
Giraud, S., Caron, C., Pham-Dinh, D., Kitabgi, P., & Nicot, A. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.0910627107 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Acute Administration of Non-Classical Estrogen Receptor Agonists Attenuates Ischemia-Induced Hippocampal Neuron Loss in Middle-Aged Female Rats
Lebesgue, D., Traub, M., Butte-Smith, M. D., Chen, C. H., Zukin, R. S., Kelly, M. J., & Etgen, A. M. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008642 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Involvement of Insulin/Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Signal Pathway in 17β-Estradiol-mediated Neuroprotection
Yu, X., Rajala, R. V. S., McGinnis, J. F., Li, F., Anderson, R. E., Yan, X., Li, S., Elias, R. V., Knapp, R. R., Zhou, X., et al. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m313283200 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Astrocyte-Derived Transforming Growth Factor-β Mediates the Neuroprotective Effects of 17β-Estradiol: Involvement of Nonclassical Genomic Signaling Pathways
Dhandapani, K. M., Wade, F. M., Mahesh, V. B., & Brann, D. W. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-0014 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Neuroprotective actions of estradiol revisited
Azcoitia, Í., Arévalo, M., Nicola, A. F. D., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2011) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2011.08.002 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Neuroprotection by a selective estrogen receptor β agonist in a mouse model of global ischemia
Carswell, H. V. O., Macrae, I. M., Gallagher, L., Harrop, E. J., & Horsburgh, K. J. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00227.2004 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Neurodegeneration Is Associated to Changes in Serum Insulin-like Growth Factors
Busiguina, S., Fernandez, A. M., Barrios, V., Clark, R., Tolbert, D. L., Berciano, J., & Torres‐Alemán, I. (2000) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1006/nbdi.2000.0311 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Estrogen Enhances Neurogenesis and Behavioral Recovery after Stroke
Li, J., Siegel, M., Yuan, M., Zeng, Z., Finnucan, L., Persky, R., Hurn, P. D., & McCullough, L. D. (2010) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.181 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Cross-talk between estrogen receptors and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in the brain: Cellular and molecular mechanisms
Mendez, P., Wandosell, F., & Garcia-Segura, L. M. (2006) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2006.09.001 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparison of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of neuroactive steroids with their brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve levels in male and female rats
Caruso, D., Pesaresi, M., Abbiati, F., Calabrese, D., Giatti, S., García‐Segura, L. M., & Melcangi, R. C. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.04.016 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
XY sex chromosome complement, compared with XX, in the CNS confers greater neurodegeneration during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Du, S., Itoh, N., Askarinam, S., Hill, H., Arnold, A. P., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1307091111 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Estradiol and G1 Reduce Infarct Size and Improve Immunosuppression after Experimental Stroke
Zhang, B., Subramanian, S., Dziennis, S., Jia, J., Uchida, M., Akiyoshi, K., Migliati, E., Lewis, A. D., Vandenbark, A. A., Offner, H., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0902339 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Nongenomic antiapoptotic signal transduction by estrogen in cultured cortical neurons
Honda, K., Shimohama, S., Sawada, H., Kihara, T., Nakamizo, T., Shibasaki, H., & Akaike, A. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.1098 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Regulation of astroglia by gonadal steroid hormones under physiological and pathological conditions
Acaz‐Fonseca, E., Ávila-Rodriguez, M., García‐Segura, L. M., & Barreto, G. E. (2016) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.002 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citation
Brain-derived estrogen exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions in the rat hippocampus
Zhang, Q.-G., Wang, R., Tang, H., Dong, Y., Chan, A., Sareddy, G. R., Vadlamudi, R. K., & Brann, D. W. (2014) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.019 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Estrogen receptor β ligand therapy activates PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in oligodendrocytes and promotes remyelination in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Kumar, S., Patel, R., Moore, S. M., Crawford, D. K., Suwanna, N., Mangiardi, M., & Tiwari-Woodruff, S. K. (2013) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2013.04.005 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Cholesterol‐promoted synaptogenesis requires the conversion of cholesterol to estradiol in the hippocampus
Fester, L., Zhou, L., Bütow, A., Huber, C., von Lossow, R., Prange‐Kiel, J., Jarry, H., & Rune, G. M. (2009) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20548 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Synaptic Plasticity: Hormones and Beyond
Hyer, M. M., Phillips, L. L., & Neigh, G. N. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00266 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Memory-Related Synaptic Plasticity Is Sexually Dimorphic in Rodent Hippocampus
Wang, W., Le, A. A., Hou, B., Lauterborn, J. C., Cox, C. D., Levin, E. R., LYNCH, G. S., & Gall, C. M. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0801-18.2018 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Central regulation of energy metabolism by estrogens
Xu, Y., & López, M. (2018) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.012 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Estrogen Attenuates Local Inflammasome Expression and Activation after Spinal Cord Injury
Zendedel, A., Mönnink, F., Hassanzadeh, G., Zaminy, A., Ansar, M. M., Habib, P., Slowik, A., Kipp, M., & Beyer, C. (2017) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0400-2 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Estrogen Regulates Bcl-w and Bim Expression: Role in Protection against β-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Neuronal Death
Yao, M., Nguyen, T. V., & Pike, C. J. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2382-06.2007 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Sex differences in the phagocytic and migratory activity of microglia and their impairment by palmitic acid
Yanguas‐Casás, N., Crespo‐Castrillo, A., CEBALLOS, M. L. D., Chowen, J. A., Azcoitia, Í., Arévalo, M., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2017) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23263 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Role of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in estradiol-mediated neuroprotection
Xu, Y., Zhang, W. H., Klaus, J. A., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602932103 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Interaction of insulin-like growth factor-I and estradiol signaling pathways on hypothalamic neuronal differentiation
Dueñas, M., Torres‐Alemán, I., Naftolin, F. N., & García‐Segura, L. M. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00142-x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Role of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 in Estradiol-Mediated Neuroprotection
Dziennis, S., Jia, T., Rønnekleiv, O. K., Hurn, P. D., & Alkayed, N. J. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1558-07.2007 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Estradiol prevents kainic acid-induced neuronal loss in the rat dentate gyrus
Azcoitia, Í., Sierra, A., & García‐Segura, L. M. (1998) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199809140-00029 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Stroke sensitivity in the aged: sex chromosome complement vs. gonadal hormones
McCullough, L. D., Mirza, M. A., Xu, Y., Bentivegna, K., Steffens, E. B., Ritzel, R. M., & Liu, F. (2016) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100997 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Do Microglial Sex Differences Contribute to Sex Differences in Neurodegenerative Diseases?
Kodama, L., & Gan, L. (2019) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.001 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Fast, convenient, and effective method to transiently transfect primary hippocampal neurons
Köhrmann, M., Haubensak, W. E., Hemraj, I., Kaether, C., Leßmann, V., & Kiebler, M. A. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19991215)58:6 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Alzheimer, mitochondria and gender
Grimm, A., Mensah‐Nyagan, A. G., & Eckert, A. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.04.012 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
How does estrogen work on autophagy?
Xiang, J., Liu, X., Ren, J., Chen, K., Wang, H.-L., Miao, Y., & Qi, M. (2018) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2018.1520549 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Implication of the Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway in the Neuroprotective Effect of Estradiol in the Striatum of 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Mice
D’Astous, M., Méndez, P., Morissette, M., García‐Segura, L. M., & Paolo, T. D. (2006) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.105.018671 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Neuroactive steroids, neurosteroidogenesis and sex
Giatti, S., García‐Segura, L. M., Barreto, G. E., & Melcangi, R. C. (2018) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.007 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sex hormone-related neurosteroids differentially rescue bioenergetic deficits induced by amyloid-β or hyperphosphorylated tau protein
Grimm, A., Biliouris, E. E., Lang, U. E., Götz, J., Mensah‐Nyagan, A. G., & Eckert, A. (2015) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-015-1988-x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Role of astrocytes in the neuroprotective actions of 17β-estradiol and selective estrogen receptor modulators
Acaz‐Fonseca, E., Sánchez‐González, R., Azcoitia, Í., Arévalo, M., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2014) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.009 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Decrease Reactive Astrogliosis in the Injured Brain: Effects of Aging and Prolonged Depletion of Ovarian Hormones
Barreto, G. E., Santos‐Galindo, M., Diz-Chaves, Y., Pernía, O., Carrero, P., Azcoitia, Í., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0352 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citation
Latent sex differences in molecular signaling that underlies excitatory synaptic potentiation in the hippocampus
Jain, A., Huang, G. Z., & Woolley, C. S. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1897-18.2018 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Neuroprotection by estrogen via extracellular signal‐regulated kinase against quinolinic acid‐induced cell death in the rat hippocampus
Kuroki, Y., Fukushima, K., Kanda, Y., Mizuno, K., & Watanabe, Y. (2001) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2000.01409.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Estrogen receptor–α in medial amygdala neurons regulates body weight
Xu, P., Cao, X., He, Y., Zhu, L., Yang, Y., Saito, K., Wang, C., Yan, X., Hinton, A. O., Jr., Zou, F., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci80941 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Multiple functional therapeutic effects of the estrogen receptor β agonist indazole-Cl in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Moore, S. M., Khalaj, A. J., Kumar, S., Winchester, Z., Yoon, J., Yoo, T. S., Martinez‐Torres, L., Yasui, N., Katzenellenbogen, J. A., & Tiwari-Woodruff, S. K. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1411294111 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The role of estrogens in seizures and epilepsy: The bad guys or the good guys?
Velı́šková, J. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.07.005 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Estradiol and neurodegenerative oxidative stress
Nilsen, J. (2008) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.12.005 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
17β‐Oestradiol Anti‐Inflammatory Effects in Primary Astrocytes Require Oestrogen Receptor β‐Mediated Neuroglobin Up‐Regulation
Marinis, E. D., Acaz‐Fonseca, E., Arévalo, M., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12007 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Levels and actions of neuroactive steroids in the nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions: Sex-specific features
Melcangi, R. C., Giatti, S., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.023 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Sex differences in behavioral and neurochemical effects of gonadectomy and aromatase inhibition in rats
Kokras, N., Pastromas, N., Papasava, D., de Bournonville, C., Cornil, C. A., & Dalla, C. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.10.007 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Differential regulation of BDNF, synaptic plasticity and sprouting in the hippocampal mossy fiber pathway of male and female rats
Scharfman, H. E., & MacLusky, N. J. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.029 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
17beta‐estradiol protects oligodendrocytes from cytotoxicity induced cell death
Takao, T., Flint, N., Lee, L., Ying, X., Merrill, J., & Chandross, K. J. (2004) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02370.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Brain Endogenous Estrogen Levels Determine Responses to Estrogen Replacement Therapy via Regulation of BACE1 and NEP in Female Alzheimer’s Transgenic Mice
Li, R., He, P., Cui, J., Staufenbiel, M., Harada, N., & Shen, Y. (2012) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-012-8377-3 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
GPR30 Regulates Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 Expression in Rat Primary Astrocytes
Lee, E.-S., Sidoryk‐Wȩgrzynowicz, M., Wang, N., Webb, A., Son, D.-S., Lee, K., & Aschner, M. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.341867 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Progesterone reverses 17β‐estradiol‐mediated neuroprotection and BDNF induction in cultured hippocampal slices
Aguirre, C., & Baudry, M. (2009) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06591.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
17 β -Estradiol Confers Protection after Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat and Involves Activation of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1
Day, N. L., Floyd, C. L., D'Alessandro, T. L., Hubbard, W. J., & Chaudry, I. H. (2013) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2013.2854 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Estrogen-Receptor-Mediated Protection of Cerebral Endothelial Cell Viability and Mitochondrial Function after Ischemic Insult in vitro
Guo, J., Krause, D. N., Horne, J. N., Weiss, J. H., Li, X.-J., & DUCKLES, S. P. (2009) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.226 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
<scp>G</scp>‐Protein Oestrogen Receptor 1: Trials and Tribulations of a Membrane Oestrogen Receptor
Srivastava, D. P., & Evans, P. D. (2013) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12071 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Regulation of Hypoxia-Induced Inflammatory Responses and M1-M2 Phenotype Switch of Primary Rat Microglia by Sex Steroids
Habib, P., Slowik, A., Zendedel, A., Johann, S., Dang, J., & Beyer, C. (2014) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-013-0137-y · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Estrogens and SERMS as adjunctive treatments for schizophrenia
Kulkarni, J., Butler, S., & Riecher‐Rössler, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.03.002 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Glia Mediates the Neuroprotective Action of Estradiol on β-Amyloid-Induced Neuronal Death
Sortino, M. A., Chisari, M., Merlo, S., et al. (2004) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-0973 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Estradiol attenuates hyperoxia‐induced cell death in the developing white matter
Gerstner, B., Sifringer, M., Dzietko, M., Schüller, A., Lee, J., Simons, S., Obladen, M., Volpe, J. J., Rosenberg, P. A., & Felderhoff‐Mueser, U. (2007) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21118 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Ovariectomy-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Calcium Ion Influx Through TRPA1, TRPM2, and TRPV1 Are Prevented by 17β-Estradiol, Tamoxifen, and Raloxifene in the Hippocampus and Dorsal Root Ganglion of Rats
Yazğan, Y., & Nazıroğlu, M. (2016) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0232-5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Estrogen suppresses IL-1β-mediated induction of COX-2 pathway in rat cerebral blood vessels
Ospina, J. A., Brevig, H., Krause, D. N., & DUCKLES, S. P. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00481.2003 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in the Brain after Global Cerebral Ischemia and Regulation by 17β‐Estradiol
Thakkar, R., Wang, R., Sareddy, G. R., Wang, J., Thiruvaiyaru, D. S., Vadlamudi, R. K., Zhang, Q., & Brann, D. W. (2016) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2016/8309031 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Oestrogen Receptors and Signalling Pathways: Implications for Neuroprotective Effects of Sex Steroids in Parkinson’s Disease
Al-Sweidi, S., Sánchez, M. G., Bourque, M., Morissette, M., Dluzen, D. E., & Paolo, T. D. (2011) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02193.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Plasma membrane oestrogen receptor mediates neuroprotection against β‐amyloid toxicity through activation of Raf‐1/MEK/ERK cascade in septal‐derived cholinergic SN56 cells
Guerra, B., Díaz, M. L., Alonso, R., & Marín, R. (2004) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02695.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Independent influences of sex steroids of systemic and central origin in a rat model of Parkinson's disease: A contribution to sex-specific neuroprotection by estrogens
Gillies, G. E., & McArthur, S. (2009) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.06.002 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Neuroprotection by the steroids pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone is mediated by the enzyme aromatase
Veiga, S. J., García‐Segura, L. M., & Azcoitia, Í. (2003) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.10249 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Estrogen-IGF-1 interactions in neuroprotection: Ischemic stroke as a case study
Sohrabji, F. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.05.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Sex steroids and neuroprotection in spinal cord injury: A review of preclinical investigations
Elkabes, S., & Nicot, A. B. (2014) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.008 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
17β-Estradiol prevents cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction by an estrogen receptor-dependent mechanism in astrocytes after oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion
Guo, J., DUCKLES, S. P., Weiss, J. H., Li, X., & Krause, D. N. (2012) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.005 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Injury-Induced Neurogenesis
Yu, T., Washington, P. M., & Kernie, S. G. (2014) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858414563616 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The Role of Genetic Sex in Affect Regulation and Expression of GABA-Related Genes Across Species
Seney, M. L., Chang, L.-C., Oh, H., Wang, X., Tseng, G. C., Lewis, D. A., & Sibille, E. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00104 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Sex and regional differences in estradiol content in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus of adult male and female rats
Barker, J. M., & Galea, L. A. M. (2009) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.05.008 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
17β‐estradiol protects against hypoxic/ischemic white matter damage in the neonatal rat brain
Gerstner, B., Lee, J., DeSilva, T. M., Jensen, F. E., Volpe, J. J., & Rosenberg, P. A. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.22023 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Neuronal Estrogen Receptor-α Mediates Neuroprotection by 17β-Estradiol
Elzer, J., Muhammad, S., Wintermantel, T. M., Régnier‐Vigouroux, A., Ludwig, J., Schütz, G., & Schwaninger, M. (2009) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.258 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Tibolone protects astrocytic cells from glucose deprivation through a mechanism involving estrogen receptor beta and the upregulation of neuroglobin expression
Ávila-Rodriguez, M., García‐Segura, L. M., Hidalgo‐Lanussa, O., Báez-Jurado, E., González, J., & Barreto, G. E. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.024 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sex-Dependent Regulation of Aromatase-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity in the Basolateral Amygdala
Bender, R., Zhou, L.-P., Vierk, R., Brandt, N., Keller, A., Gee, C., Schäfer, M. K. E., & Rune, G. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1532-16.2016 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Sex differences in brain mitochondrial metabolism: influence of endogenous steroids and stroke
Gaignard, P., Fréchou, M., Lière, P., Thérond, P., Schumacher, M., Slama, A., & Guennoun, R. (2017) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12497 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Neurosteroids in Adult Hippocampus of Male and Female Rodents: Biosynthesis and Actions of Sex Steroids
Hojo, Y., & Kawato, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00183 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Steroid Protection in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Garay, L. I., Deniselle, M. C. G., Gierman, L. M., Meyer, M., Lima, A. E., Roig, P., & Nicola, A. F. D. (2008) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000135627 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Astrocyte-derived growth factors and estrogen neuroprotection: Role of transforming growth factor-α in estrogen-induced upregulation of glutamate transporters in astrocytes
Karki, P., Smith, K., Johnson, J., & Lee, E. (2014) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.010 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor is required for the neuritogenic mechanism of 17β-estradiol in developing hippocampal neurons
Ruiz-Palmero, I., Hernando, M. J., García‐Segura, L. M., & Arévalo, M. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.018 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Hippocampal Neuropathology of Diabetes Mellitus is Relieved by Estrogen Treatment
Saravia, F., Beauquis, J., Revsin, Y., Homo‐Delarche, F., de Kloet, E. R., & Nicola, A. F. D. (2006) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-006-9096-y · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Estrogen deficiency exacerbates Aβ-induced memory impairment through enhancement of neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis and NF-ĸB activation in ovariectomized mice
Yun, J., Yeo, I. J., Hwang, C. J., Choi, D., Im, H.-S., Kim, J. Y., Choi, W. R., Jung, M. H., Han, S., & Hong, J. T. (2018) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.05.013 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Gonadal hormones and the control of reactive gliosis
Arévalo, M., Santos‐Galindo, M., Acaz‐Fonseca, E., Azcoitia, Í., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.02.021 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Selective estrogen receptor modulators regulate reactive microglia after penetrating brain injury
Barreto, G. E., Santos‐Galindo, M., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00132 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sexual dimorphism in the white matter of rodents
Cerghet, M., Skoff, R. P., Swamydas, M., & Bessert, D. A. (2009) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.06.039 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Protection by Neuroglobin Expression in Brain Pathologies
Báez-Jurado, E., Echeverrı́a, V., Cabezas, R., Ávila-Rodriguez, M., García‐Segura, L. M., & Barreto, G. E. (2016) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2016.00146 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citation
Inhibition of Rho kinase mediates the neuroprotective effects of estrogen in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease
Rodriguez-Perez, A. I., Dominguez‐Meijide, A., Lanciego, J. L., Guerra, M. J., & Labandeira-García, J. L. (2013) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2013.06.004 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Long-term administration of estrogen or tamoxifen to ovariectomized rats affords neuroprotection to hippocampal neurons by modulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax
Sharma, K., & Mehra, R. D. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.080 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Administration of 17β-Estradiol Improves Motoneuron Survival and Down-regulates Inflammasome Activation in Male SOD1(G93A) ALS Mice
Heitzer, M., Kaiser, S., Kanagaratnam, M., Zendedel, A., Hartmann, P., Beyer, C., & Johann, S. (2017) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0322-4 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Sciatic nerve injury induces apoptosis of dorsal root ganglion satellite glial cells and selectively modifies neurosteroidogenesis in sensory neurons
Schaeffer, V., Meyer, L., Patte‐Mensah, C., Eckert, A., & Mensah‐Nyagan, A. G. (2009) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20910 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Seladin-1 Is a Fundamental Mediator of the Neuroprotective Effects of Estrogen in Human Neuroblast Long-Term Cell Cultures
Luciani, P., Deledda, C., Rosati, F., et al. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2007-1795 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Post-ischemic estradiol treatment reduced glial response and triggers distinct cortical and hippocampal signaling in a rat model of cerebral ischemia
Pérez-Álvarez, M. J., Maza, M. D. C., Anton, M., Ordóñez‐Gutiérrez, L., & Wandosell, F. G. (2012) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-157 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Estrogen attenuates glutamate-induced cell death by inhibiting Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
Sribnick, E. A., Re, A. M. D., Ray, S. K., Woodward, J. J., & Banik, N. L. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.04.022 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Neuroprotective effects of oestrogen against oxidative toxicity through activation of G‐protein‐coupled receptor 30 receptor
Liu, S., Han, J., Zhang, N., Tian, Z., Li, X., & Zhao, M. (2011) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05549.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Survivin Is a Transcriptional Target of STAT3 Critical to Estradiol Neuroprotection in Global Ischemia
Sehara, Y., Sawicka, K., Hwang, J.-Y., Latuszek-Barrantes, A., Etgen, A. M., & Zukin, R. S. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1852-13.2013 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Sex Differences in the Rapid Cell Signaling Mechanisms Underlying the Memory-Enhancing Effects of 17β-Estradiol
Koss, W. A., Haertel, J. M., Philippi, S. M., & Frick, K. M. (2018) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0267-18.2018 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
17β-Estradiol Ameliorates Tight Junction Disruption via Repression of MMP Transcription
Na, W., Lee, J. Y., Kim, W., Yune, T. Y., & Ju, B. (2015) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2015-1124 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Menopause and Parkinson’s disease. Interaction between estrogens and brain renin-angiotensin system in dopaminergic degeneration
Labandeira-García, J. L., Rodriguez-Perez, A. I., Valenzuela, R., Costa-Besada, M. A., & Guerra, M. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.09.003 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Estrogen induces multiple regulatory B cell subtypes and promotes M2 microglia and neuroprotection during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Benedek, G., Zhang, J., Bodhankar, S., Nguyen, H., Kent, G., Jordan, K. R., Manning, D., Vandenbark, A. A., & Offner, H. (2016) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.02.009 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
2-Methoxyestradiol Attenuates Autophagy Activation After Global Ischemia
Xin, X., Pan, J., Wang, X., Ma, J., Ding, J., Yang, G., & Chen, S. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s031716710001218x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms involved in the protective actions of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators in brain cells
Báez-Jurado, E., Rincon‐Benavides, M. A., Hidalgo‐Lanussa, O., Guio-Vega, G. P., Ashraf, G. M., Sahebkar, A., Echeverrı́a, V., García‐Segura, L. M., & Barreto, G. E. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.09.001 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
Tibolone protects T98G cells from glucose deprivation
Ávila-Rodriguez, M., García‐Segura, L. M., Cabezas, R., Torrente, D., Capani, F., González, J., & Barreto, G. E. (2014) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.07.009 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citation
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) enhance neurogenesis and spine density following focal cerebral ischemia
Khan, M. M., Wakade, C. G., Sevilla, L. M. D., & Brann, D. W. (2014) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.05.001 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Repurposing sex steroids and related drugs as potential treatment for Parkinson's disease
Bourque, M., Morissette, M., & Paolo, T. D. (2018) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.005 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
17β-estradiol protects male mice from cuprizone-induced demyelination and oligodendrocyte loss
Taylor, L. C., Puranam, K. L., Gilmore, W., Ting, J. P. ‐., & Matsushima, G. K. (2010) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2010.03.016 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
SIRT 1‐dependent AMPK pathway in the protection of estrogen against ischemic brain injury
Guo, J., He, S., Wang, L., et al. (2017) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12686 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Role of mTORC1 Controlling Proteostasis after Brain Ischemia
Pérez-Álvarez, M. J., Villa-González, M., Benito‐Cuesta, I., & Wandosell, F. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00060 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Estrogen inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis in experimental stroke
Jia, J., Guan, D., Zhu, W., et al. (2008) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.09.015 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Modulation of the endocannabinoid system by focal brain ischemia in the rat is involved in neuroprotection afforded by 17β‐estradiol
Amantea, D., Spagnuolo, P., Bari, M., Fezza, F., Mazzei, C., Tassorelli, C., Morrone, L. A., Corasaniti, M. T., Maccarrone, M., & Bagetta, G. (2007) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05975.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Roles of 17 -Estradiol Involve Regulation of Reelin Expression and Synaptogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus
Bender, R. A., Zhou, L., Wilkars, W., Fester, L., Lanowski, J.-S., Paysen, D., Konig, A., & Rune, G. M. (2010) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq047 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Oestrogen receptor α agonist improved long-term ovariectomy-induced spatial cognition deficit in young rats
Qu, N., Wang, L., Liu, Z.-C., Tian, Q., & Zhang, Q. (2012) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145712000958 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Effects of Estradiol on Autophagy and Nrf-2/ARE Signals after Cerebral Ischemia
Li, L., Chen, J., Sun, S., Zhao, J., Dong, X., & Wang, J. (2017) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000475433 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Sex hormones and stroke: Beyond estrogens
Sohrabji, F., Okoreeh, A. K., & Panta, A. (2018) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.10.010 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Neuroprotection by estradiol: A role of aromatase against spine synapse loss after blockade of GABAA receptors
Zhou, L., Lehan, N., Wehrenberg, U., Disteldorf, E. M., von Lossow, R., Mares, U., Jarry, H., & Rune, G. M. (2006) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.07.020 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Pretreatment with a single estradiol-17β bolus activates cyclic-AMP response element binding protein and protects CA1 neurons against global cerebral ischemia
Raval, A. P., Saul, I., Dave, K. R., DeFazio, R. A., Pérez‐Pinzón, M. A., & Bramlett, H. M. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.065 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation induces glial aromatase expression in the uninjured songbird brain
Duncan, K. A., & Saldanha, C. J. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-81 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Estrogen Interactions With Lipid Rafts Related to Neuroprotection. Impact of Brain Ageing and Menopause
Marín, R., & Díaz, M. L. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00128 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Estrogen receptor beta signaling alters cellular inflammasomes activity after global cerebral ischemia in reproductively senescence female rats
Vaccari, J. P. D. R., Patel, H. H., Brand, F. J., Pérez‐Pinzón, M. A., Bramlett, H. M., & Raval, A. P. (2015) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13404 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Neuroprotection in Parkinsonian-treated mice via estrogen receptor α activation requires G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1
Bourque, M., Morissette, M., & Paolo, T. D. (2015) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.006 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Endogenous Estrogen Formation Is Neuroprotective in Model of Cerebellar Ataxia
Sierra, A., Azcoitia, Í., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2003) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:21:1:43 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Actions of 17β-estradiol and testosterone in the mitochondria and their implications in aging
Vasconsuelo, A., Milanesi, L., & Boland, R. (2013) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2013.09.001 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Effects of Chronic and Acute Oestrogen Replacement Therapy in Aged Animals after Experimental Stroke
Liu, F., Benashski, S. E., Xu, Y., Siegel, M., & McCullough, L. D. (2011) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02248.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Roles of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in sexually dimorphic neuroprotection against glutamate toxicity
Bryant, D. N., & Dorsa, D. M. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.019 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Estrogen replacement therapy-induced neuroprotection against brain ischemia-reperfusion injury involves the activation of astrocytes via estrogen receptor β
Ma, Y., Guo, H., Zhang, L., Tao, L., Yin, A., Liu, Z., Li, Y., Dong, H., Xiong, L., & Hou, W. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep21467 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Protective Effect of 17β-Estradiol Upon Hippocampal Spine Density and Cognitive Function in an Animal Model of Vascular Dementia
Zhu, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhang, W., Li, N., Dai, Y., Tu, J., Yang, F., Brann, D. W., & Wang, R. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep42660 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Inhibition of injury‐induced glial aromatase reveals a wave of secondary degeneration in the songbird brain
Wynne, R. D., Walters, B. J., Bailey, D. J., & Saldanha, C. J. (2007) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20594 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Inhibition of Autophagy by Estradiol Promotes Locomotor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
Lin, C., Chen, B., Huang, K., Dai, Y., & Teng, H. (2016) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-016-0017-x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Neuroprotection by estrogen against MPP+-induced dopamine neuron death is mediated by ERα in primary cultures of mouse mesencephalon
Bains, M., Cousins, J. C., & Roberts, J. L. (2007) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.01.020 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Sexually Dimorphic Effects of Aromatase on Neurobehavioral Responses
Shay, D. A., Vieira‐Potter, V. J., & Rosenfeld, C. S. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00374 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
New insights into the gene expression associated to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Recabarren-Leiva, D., & Alarcón, M. A. (2017) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.016 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
17β-estradiol rescues spinal motoneurons from AMPA-induced toxicity: A role for glial cells
Platania, P., Seminara, G., Aronica, E., et al. (2005) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2005.03.025 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
17β-Estradiol via SIRT1/Acetyl-p53/NF-kB Signaling Pathway Rescued Postnatal Rat Brain Against Acute Ethanol Intoxication
Khan, M., Shah, S. A., & Kim, M. O. (2017) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0520-8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Impact of 17beta-estradiol and progesterone on inflammatory and apoptotic microRNA expression after ischemia in a rat model
Herzog, R., Zendedel, A., Lammerding, L., Beyer, C., & Slowik, A. (2016) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.018 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Neural-derived estradiol regulates brain plasticity
Azcoitia, Í., Arévalo, M., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2017) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.04.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Inhibition of miR-181a protects female mice from transient focal cerebral ischemia by targeting astrocyte estrogen receptor-α
Stary, C. M., Xu, L., Li, L., Sun, X., Ouyang, Y.-B., Xiong, X., Zhao, J., & Giffard, R. G. (2017) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2017.05.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Sex-Specific Differences in Redox Homeostasis in Brain Norm and Disease
Ruszkiewicz, J. A., Miranda‐Vizuete, A., Tinkov, A. A., Геннадиевна, С. М., Skalny, A. V., Tsatsakis, A. M., & Aschner, M. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-018-1241-9 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The localization and non‐genomic function of the membrane‐associated estrogen receptor in oligodendrocytes
Hirahara, Y., Matsuda, K., Gao, W., Arvanitis, D. N., Kawata, M., & Boggs, J. M. (2008) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20742 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Nudging oligodendrocyte intrinsic signaling to remyelinate and repair: Estrogen receptor ligand effects
Khalaj, A. J., Hasselmann, J., Augello, C. J., Moore, S. M., & Tiwari-Woodruff, S. K. (2016) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.01.006 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Increase in chemokine CXCL1 by ERβ ligand treatment is a key mediator in promoting axon myelination
Karim, H., Kim, S. H., Lapato, A. S., Yasui, N., Katzenellenbogen, J. A., & Tiwari-Woodruff, S. K. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1721732115 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Non-reproductive Functions of Aromatase in the Central Nervous System Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions
Brocca, M. E., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2018) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-018-0607-4 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Sex chromosome complement determines sex differences in aromatase expression and regulation in the stria terminalis and anterior amygdala of the developing mouse brain
Cisternas, C. D., Tome, K., Caeiro, X. E., Dadam, F., García‐Segura, L. M., & Cambiasso, M. J. (2015) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2015.07.027 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Inhibition of MLK3‐MKK4/7‐JNK1/2 pathway by Akt1 in exogenous estrogen‐induced neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia by a non‐genomic mechanism in male rats
Wang, R., Zhang, Q., Han, D. K., Xu, J., Lü, Q., & Zhang, G. (2006) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04201.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A Concerted Action Of Estradiol And Insulin Like Growth Factor I Underlies Sex Differences In Mood Regulation By Exercise
Munive, V., Santi, A., & Torres‐Alemán, I. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep25969 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Astrocytes Mediate Protective Actions of Estrogenic Compounds after Traumatic Brain Injury
Martín-Jiménez, C., Gaitán-Vaca, D. M., Mazo, N. A., Echeverrı́a, V., Ashraf, G. M., González, J., Sahebkar, A., García‐Segura, L. M., & Barreto, G. E. (2018) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000495078 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
Estrogen protection against mitochondrial toxin-induced cell death in hippocampal neurons: Antagonism by progesterone
Yao, J., Chen, S., Cadenas, E., & Brinton, R. D. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.090 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The sex-specific associations of the aromatase gene with Alzheimer’s disease and its interaction with IL10 in the Epistasis Project
Medway, C., Combarros, O., Cortina‐Borja, M., Butler, H., Ibrahim‐Verbaas, C. A., de Bruijn, R. F. A. G., Koudstaal, P. J., van Duijn, C. M., Ikram, M. A., Mateo, I., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.116 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
G protein‐coupled receptor 30 contributes to improved remyelination after cuprizone‐induced demyelination
Hirahara, Y., Matsuda, K., Yamada, H., Saitou, A., Morisaki, S., Takanami, K., Boggs, J. M., & Kawata, M. (2012) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22445 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Impact of steroid hormones E2 and P on the NLRP3/ASC/Casp1 axis in primary mouse astroglia and BV-2 cells after in vitro hypoxia
Slowik, A., Lammerding, L., Zendedel, A., Habib, P., & Beyer, C. (2018) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.05.003 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Post-stroke estradiol treatment enhances neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of rats after permanent focal cerebral ischemia
Zheng, J., Zhang, P., Li, X., Lei, S., Li, W., He, X., Zhang, J., Wang, N., Qi, C.-Y., Chen, X., et al. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.042 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Estradiol Decreases Cortical Reactive Astrogliosis after Brain Injury by a Mechanism Involving Cannabinoid Receptors
López-Rodríguez, A. B., Vicente, B. M., Romero‐Zerbo, S., Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, N., Bellini, M. J., de Fonseca, F. R., Bermúdez‐Silva, F. J., Azcoitia, Í., García‐Segura, L. M., & Viveros, M. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq277 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
17β‐estradiol rescues damages following traumatic brain injury from molecule to behavior in mice
Lu, H., Ma, K., Jin, L., Zhu, H., & Cao, R. (2017) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.26083 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
GDNF Contributes to Oestrogen‐Mediated Protection of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurones
Campos, F. L., Cristóvão, A. C., Rocha, S. M., Fonseca, C. P., & Baltazar, G. (2012) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02348.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Male/female differences in neuroprotection and neuromodulation of brain dopamine
Bourque, M. (2011) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2011.00035 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Biological Sex, Estradiol and Striatal Medium Spiny Neuron Physiology: A Mini-Review
Krentzel, A. A., & Meitzen, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00492 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A priming role of local estrogen on exogenous estrogen-mediated synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection
Chamniansawat, S., & Chongthammakun, S. (2012) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3858/emm.2012.44.6.046 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Where Sex Meets Gender: How Sex and Gender Come Together to Cause Sex Differences in Mental Illness
Christiansen, D. M., McCarthy, M. M., & Seeman, M. V. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856436 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Shaping Microglial Phenotypes Through Estrogen Receptors: Relevance to Sex-Specific Neuroinflammatory Responses to Brain Injury and Disease
Acosta-Martínez, M. (2020) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.119.264598 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Delayed short-term tamoxifen treatment does not promote remyelination or neuron sparing after spinal cord injury
Pukos, N., & McTigue, D. M. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235232 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Impact of indomethacin on neuroinflammation and hippocampal neurogenesis in aged mice
Boehme, M., Guenther, M., Stahr, A., Liebmann, M., Jaenisch, N., Witte, O. W., & Frahm, C. (2014) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.043 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The potential role of dietary intervention for the treatment of neuroinflammation
Holton, K. F. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85841-0.00022-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Multiple roles of Ulk4 in neurogenesis and brain function
Liu, M., Xu, P., O’Brien, T., & Shen, S. (2017) · Neurogenesis · doi:10.1080/23262133.2017.1313646 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The proliferation of amplifying neural progenitor cells is impaired in the aging brain and restored by the mTOR pathway activation
Romine, J., Gao, X., Xu, X., So, K., & Chen, J. (2015) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.01.003 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Adult Brain Neurogenesis, Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenic Niches
Delgado‐García, L. M. (2016) · International Journal of Stem cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.23937/2469-570x/1410039 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Authors: Azcoitia, I., Barreto, G. E., & Garcia-Segura, L. M.
Affiliations: University of Limerick (IE)
ORCID: Barreto, George E.
Venue: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-10
Volume: 55
Pages: 100787
ISSN: 0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787
OpenAlex: W2972443643
Cited by: 125
References: 273
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21
FWCI: 2.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Docta Complutense (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (BFU2017-82754-R)
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords: estradiol, neuroprotection, estrogen receptor, sex differences, intracellular calcium, mitochondrial function, autophagy, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, axon growth, neurogenesis, remyelination, nerve regeneration
MeSH terms: Neuroprotection, Animals, Autophagy, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Receptors, Estrogen, Sex Characteristics, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis, Neurogenesis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. analysis of sex differences

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks