Cited by 56Phytoestrogen effects and researchEstrogen and related hormone effectsPrimate Behavior and Ecology

Increased aggressive behavior and decreased affiliative behavior in adult male monkeys after long-term consumption of diets rich in soy protein and isoflavones

Simon, Neal G, Kaplan, Jay R, Hu, Shan, Register, Thomas C, Adams, Michael R·2004·Hormones and Behavior

Abstract

Estrogen produced by aromatization of gonadal androgen has an important facilitative role in male-typical aggressive behavior that is mediated through its interaction with estrogen receptors (ER) in the brain. Isoflavones found in soybeans and soy-based dietary supplements bind ER and have dose- and tissue-dependent effects on estrogen-mediated responses. Yet, effects of isoflavone-rich diets on social and aggressive behavior have not been studied. We studied the effects of long-term (15 months) consumption of diets rich in soy isoflavones on spontaneous social behavior among adult male cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) (n = 44) living in nine stable social groups. There were three experimental conditions which differed only by the source of dietary protein: casein and lactalbumin (no isoflavones), soy protein isolate containing 0.94 mg isoflavones/g protein, and soy protein isolate containing 1.88 mg isoflavones/g protein. In the monkeys fed the higher amount of isoflavones, frequencies of intense aggressive (67% higher) and submissive (203% higher) behavior were elevated relative to monkeys fed the control diet (P's < 0.05). In addition, the proportion of time spent by these monkeys in physical contact with other monkeys was reduced by 68%, time spent in proximity to other monkeys was reduced 50%, and time spent alone was increased 30% (P's < 0.02). There were no effects of treatment on serum testosterone or estradiol concentrations or the response of plasma testost…

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2003.12.005

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  • Long-term consumption of soy-rich diets enhances aggression in male cynomolgus monkeys.

    “long-term consumption of soy-rich diets has been shown to enhance aggression in male cynomolgus monkeys (117)”

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Authors
Simon, N. G., Kaplan, J. R., Hu, S., Register, T. C., & Adams, M. R.
Affiliations
  • Lehigh University (US)
  • Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author
Adams, Michael R
Venue
Hormones and Behavior
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-04
Volume
45
Issue
4
Pages
278-284
ISSN
0018-506X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2001448855
Cited by
56
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
FWCI
3.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Hormones and Behavior (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01mh059300-04)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P0 1HL 45666, P01HL045666)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH59300)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Keywords
soy isoflavones, soy protein, male aggression, affiliative behavior, social behavior, cynomolgus macaques, estrogen receptor, estrogen, dietary protein, casein, lactalbumin, testosterone, estradiol, GnRH response, social dominance
MeSH terms
Aggression, Animals, Animal Feed, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Estrogen Antagonists, Isoflavones, Macaca fascicularis, Male, Social Behavior, Time Factors, Soybean Proteins

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