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Cited by 746Phytoestrogen effects and researchEstrogen and related hormone effectsEffects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals

The pros and cons of phytoestrogens

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Patisaul, Heather B., Jefferson, Wendy·2010·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
DOI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.03.003PMC PMC3074428
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Abstract

Phytoestrogens are plant derived compounds found in a wide variety of foods, most notably soy. A litany of health benefits including a lowered risk of osteoporosis, heart disease, breast cancer, and menopausal symptoms, are frequently attributed to phytoestrogens but many are also considered endocrine disruptors, indicating that they have the potential to cause adverse health effects as well. Consequently, the question of whether or not phytoestrogens are beneficial or harmful to human health remains unresolved. The answer is likely complex and may depend on age, health status, and even the presence or absence of specific gut microflora. Clarity on this issue is needed because global consumption is rapidly increasing. Phytoestrogens are present in numerous dietary supplements and widely marketed as a natural alternative to estrogen replacement therapy. Soy infant formula now constitutes up to a third of the US market, and soy protein is now added to many processed foods. As weak estrogen agonists/antagonists with molecular and cellular properties similar to synthetic endocrine disruptors such as Bisphenol A (BPA), the phytoestrogens provide a useful model to comprehensively investigate the biological impact of endocrine disruptors in general. This review weighs the evidence for and against the purported health benefits and adverse effects of phytoestrogens.

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  • Evidence of endocrine disrupting properties of GEN dates back decades, and soy is well recognized as a hormonally active food.

    “Evidence of the endocrine disrupting properties of GEN dates back decades, and soy is so well recognized as a hormonally active food, that it is frequently advertised and promoted as such (15, 111–115).”

    From Endocrine Disruption of Vasopressin Systems and Related Behaviors (2017) · cites this paper as [15]

    Section 7.4 reports endocrine-disrupting effects of genistein in rodents, and section 4.1 describes the popular use of soy phytoestrogens as a hormone-replacement alternative. But section 3 dates the historical evidence to clover-associated phytoestrogens, primarily coumestrol, in the 1940s—not specifically to genistein. The paper also discusses soy marketing, but does not establish that soy is frequently advertised specifically as a hormonally active food. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Authors
Patisaul, H. B., & Jefferson, W.
Affiliations
  • North Carolina State University (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Patisaul, Heather B.
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-10
Volume
31
Issue
4
Pages
400-419
ISSN
0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.03.003
PMC
PMC3074428
OpenAlex
W2058683100
Cited by
746
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 34
FWCI
4.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (Z99-ES999999)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES016001)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Keywords
phytoestrogens, soybean, endocrine disruptors, health benefits, adverse health effects, osteoporosis, heart disease, breast cancer, menopausal symptoms, dietary supplements, estrogen replacement therapy, gut microbiota, bisphenol A, soy protein
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Breast Neoplasms, Diethylstilbestrol, Female, Genitalia, Heart Diseases, Humans, Male, Menopause, Menstrual Cycle, Osteoporosis, Puberty, Sexual Behavior, Soybean Proteins, Phytoestrogens, Mice, Rats, Endocrine Disruptors

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