Is adolescent smoking related to the density and proximity of tobacco outlets and retail cigarette advertising near schools?
Abstract
Objective To examine the quantity (density) and location (proximity) of tobacco outlets and retail cigarette advertising in high school neighborhoods and their association with school smoking prevalence.Methods Data from the 135 high schools that participated in the 2005-2006 California Student Tobacco Survey were combined with retailer licensing data about the location of tobacco outlets within walking distance (1/2 mi or 805 m) of the schools and with observations about the quantity of cigarette advertising in a random sample of those stores (n=384). Multiple regressions, adjusting for school and neighborhood demographics, tested the associations of high school smoking prevalence with the density of tobacco outlets and retail cigarette advertising and with the proximity of tobacco outlets to schools.Results The prevalence of current smoking was 3.2 percentage points higher at schools in neighborhoods with the highest tobacco outlet density (>5 outlets) than in neighborhoods without any tobacco outlets. The density of retail cigarette advertising in school neighborhoods was similarly associated with high school smoking prevalence. However, neither the presence of a tobacco outlet within 1000 ft of a high school nor the distance to the nearest tobacco outlet from school was associated with smoking prevalence.Conclusions Policy efforts to reduce adolescent smoking should aim to reduce the density of tobacco outlets and retail cigarette advertising in school neighborhoods. This may be achieved through local zoning ordinances, including limiting the proximity of tobacco outlets to schools.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Similar findings have been observed for tobacco retailers around schools.
“Similar findings have been observed for tobacco retailers around schools.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [381]
Among 24,875 students from 135 randomly selected California high schools, the absolute prevalence of current smoking was 3.2% higher at schools in neighborhoods with the highest tobacco outlet density compared with neighborhoods with no tobacco outlets.
“For example, among 24,875 students from 135 randomly selected California high schools, the absolute prevalence of current smoking was 3.2% higher at schools in neighborhoods with the highest tobacco outlet density (≥5 outlets within 0.8 km) compared with neighborhoods with no tobacco outlets.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [381]
Cites
Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation
(2007) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e719522007-001 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Environmental measures of physical activity supports
Kirtland, K. A., Porter, D. E., Addy, C. L., Neet, M. J., Williams, J. E., Sharpe, P. A., Neff, L. J., Kimsey, C. D., & Ainsworth, B. E. (2003) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00021-7 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Chuang, Y.-C., Cubbin, C., Ahn, D., & Winkleby, M. A. (2005) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2004.029041 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Neighbourhood deprivation and alcohol consumption: does the availability of alcohol play a role?
Pollack, C. E., Cubbin, C., Ahn, D. K., & Winkleby, M. A. (2005) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyi026 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Retail Tobacco Outlet Density and Youth Cigarette Smoking: A Propensity-Modeling Approach
Novak, S. P., Reardon, S. F., Raudenbush, S. W., & Buka, S. L. (2006) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.061622 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
DiGuiseppi, C. G., Roberts, I., Li, L., et al. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7142.1426 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Land Use Planning and the Control of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Fast Food Restaurants
Ashe, M., Jernigan, D. H., Kline, R., & Galaz, R. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1404 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Impact of Retail Cigarette Marketing Practices on Youth Smoking Uptake
Slater, S. J., Chaloupka, F. J., Wakefield, M. A., et al. (2007) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.5.440 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Predictors of Change on the Smoking Uptake Continuum Among Adolescents
Kaufman, N. J., Castrucci, B. C., Mowery, P., Gerlach, K. K., Emont, S. L., & Orleans, C. T. (2002) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.156.6.581 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Leatherdale, S. T., & Strath, J. M. (2007) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3301_12 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Association of Retail Tobacco Marketing With Adolescent Smoking
Henriksen, L., Feighery, E. C., Wang, Y., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.94.12.2081 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationTobacco Outlet Density and Demographics in Erie County, New York
Hyland, A. J., Travers, M. J., Cummings, K. M., et al. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.7.1075 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Henriksen, L., Feighery, E. C., Schleicher, N. C., Haladjian, H. H., & Fortmann, S. P. (2004) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2003.006577 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationSchneider, J. E., Reid, R. J., Peterson, N. A., Lowe, J. B., & Hughey, J. B. (2005) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-005-0016-z · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Feighery, E. C., Ribisl, K. M., Schleicher, N. C., et al. (2001) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.10.2.184 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Relation of Retail Tobacco Availability to Initiation and Continued Smoking
Pokorny, S. B., Jason, L. A., & Schoeny, M. E. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3202_4 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
An evaluation of four measures of adolescents' exposure to cigarette marketing in stores
Feighery, E. C., Henriksen, L., Wang, Y., et al. (2006) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200601004125 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationOutdoor tobacco advertising in six Boston neighborhoods
PUCCI, L. G., Joseph, H. M., & Siegel, M. D. (1998) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00034-8 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Local Venues for Change: Legal Strategies for Healthy Environments
Ashe, M., Feldstein, L. M., Graff, S. K., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics · doi:10.1111/j.1748-720x.2007.00118.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Tobacco Point-of-Purchase Marketing in School Neighbourhoods and School Smoking Prevalence
Lovato, C. Y., Hsu, H. C. H., Sabiston, C. M., Hadd, V., & Nykiforuk, C. I. J. (2007) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03405400 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
DiFranza, J. R., Peck, R. M., Radecki, T. E., & Savageau, J. A. (2001) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.2000.0795 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Community Mobilization to Reduce Point-of-Purchase Advertising of Tobacco Products
Rogers, T., Feighery, E. C., Tencati, E., et al. (1995) · Health Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/109019819502200402 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationChanges in Adolescents’ Sources of Cigarettes
Robinson, L. A., Dalton, W. T., & Nicholson, L. M. (2006) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.06.004 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Point-of-purchase tobacco environments and variation by store type--United States, 1999.
(2002) · PubMed · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Evaluation of the In-School Tobacco Use Prevention Education Program, 2001–2002
McCarthy, W. J., Hanson, T., Schwarzenegger, A., et al. (2005) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mozaffarian, D., Afshin, A., Benowitz, N. L., Bittner, V., Daniels, S. R., Franch, H. A., Jacobs, D. R., Kraus, W. E., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Krummel, D. A., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318260a20b · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Does Proximity to Retailers Influence Alcohol and Tobacco Use Among Latino Adolescents?
West, J. H., Blumberg, E. J., Kelley, N. J., Hill, L., Sipan, C. L., Schmitz, K. E., Ryan, S., Clapp, J. D., & Hovell, M. F. (2010) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-009-9303-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Using a legal and regulatory framework to identify and evaluate priorities for cancer prevention
Magnusson, R. (2011) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2011.10.003 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Henriksen, L., Feighery, E. C., Schleicher, N. C., Cowling, D. W., Kline, R. S., & Fortmann, S. P.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Public Health Institute (US)
- California Department of Public Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Henriksen, Lisa
- Venue
- Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 210-214
- ISSN
- 0091-7435 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2074354222
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 6.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- California Department of Public Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Keywords
- adolescent smoking, tobacco outlet density, zoning law, tobacco retail licensing
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Advertising, California, Commerce, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Schools, Smoking, Tobacco Industry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
