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Cited by 32Geology and Paleoclimatology ResearchFire effects on ecosystemsPeatlands and Wetlands Ecology

Age and impacts of the caldera-forming Aniakchak II eruption in western Alaska

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Blackford, J.J., Payne, R.J., Heggen, M.P., de la Riva Caballero, A., van der Plicht, J.·2014·Quaternary Research
DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2014.04.013
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Abstract

The mid-Holocene eruption of Aniakchak volcano (Aniakchak II) in southwest Alaska was among the largest eruptions globally in the last 10,000 years (VEI-6). Despite evidence for possible impacts on global climate, the precise age of the eruption is not well-constrained and little is known about regional environmental impacts. A closely spaced sequence of radiocarbon dates at a peatland site over 1000 km from the volcano show that peat accumulation was greatly reduced with a hiatus of approximately 90–120 yr following tephra deposition. During this inferred hiatus no paleoenvironmental data are available but once vegetation returned the flora changed from a Cyperaceae-dominated assemblage to a Poaceae-dominated vegetation cover, suggesting a drier and/or more nutrient-rich ecosystem. Oribatid mites are extremely abundant in the peat at the depth of the ash, and show a longer-term, increasingly wet peat surface across the tephra layer. The radiocarbon sample immediately below the tephra gave a date of 1636–1446 cal yr BC suggesting that the eruption might be younger than previously thought. Our findings suggest that the eruption may have led to a widespread reduction in peatland carbon sequestration and that the impacts on ecosystem functioning were profound and long-lasting.

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  • New radiocarbon determinations for the Aniakchak II eruption (3270 ± 40 14C years B.P. for a peat layer just below the tephra) suggest that the geochemically anchored ice layer for this event [c.1641 BCE] should become more recent.

    “New radiocarbon determinations for the Aniakchak II eruption ( 30 ) (3270 ± 40 14 C years B.P. for a peat layer just below the tephra) suggest that the geochemically anchored ice layer for this event [c.1641 BCE ( 31 )] should become more recent”

    From Annual radiocarbon record indicates 16th century BCE date for the Thera eruption (2018) · cites this paper as [30]

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Authors
Blackford, J. J., Payne, R. J., Heggen, M. P., de la Riva Caballero, A., & van der Plicht, J.
Affiliations
  • University of Hull (GB)
  • University of Stirling (GB)
  • Høgskolen i Bergen (NO)
Corresponding author
Payne, R.J.
ORCID
Heggen, M.P.
Venue
Quaternary Research
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2014-07
Volume
82
Issue
1
Pages
85-95
ISSN
  • 0033-5894 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-0287
DOI
10.1016/j.yqres.2014.04.013
OpenAlex
W2030925419
Cited by
32
References
96
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3
FWCI
2.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Quaternary Research (publishedVersion)
  • Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
  • Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Syracuse University
  • Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
Keywords
caldera-forming eruption, eruption age, tephra deposition, peatland carbon sequestration, oribatid mites, vegetation change, ecosystem recovery, western Alaska

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