The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Biased Over- Or Under-Reporting is Characteristic of Individuals Whether Over Time or by Different Assessment Methods
Abstract
Seven studies with repeated measurements of energy intake and/or nitrogen intake were examined to determine whether misreporting is characteristic of some persons or occurs randomly. Four of the studies were validated by doubly labeled water measurements of energy expenditure. Reporting validity was expressed as the ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure. Ratios were consistently below the expected value of 1.0 for some subjects and consistently above 1.0 for others, indicating characteristic reporting validity within subjects. Two year-long studies provided 4 to 12 measurements and a total number of days sufficient to measure individual habitual intake. Subjects mean energy intake to basal metabolic rate (BMR) ratios were < 1.35 in 45% and 47% and < 1.35 at every measurement in 25% of subjects. This indicated persistent underreporting over time, because 1.35 x BMR is the minimum energy expenditure compatible with a normally active lifestyle. Three of the studies used more than 1 assessment method (validated by doubly labeled water and/or urinary nitrogen excretion). There was a tendency for persons determined to be underreporters by 1 method to be also underreporters when tested by other methods. We conclude that biased over- or underreporting is characteristic of some persons. Thus, repeat measurements do not necessarily provide valid measures of individual intake, extreme intakes may reflect under- and overreporting rather than true low or high intakes, and subjects most prone to reporting bias may be repeatedly misclassified in quantiles of the distribution. This presents a challenge to dietitians nutritionists, and statisticians both for the design of surveys and the handling of flawed data.
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In the citing paper
“Additionally, many of the studies evaluate good compliance based solely on self-reporting, which is known to be prone to give rise to bias due to over/underreporting [77].”
In the citing paper
“Animal studies have indicated that the increased weight gain observed within the shift work population is caused, at least partly, by eating during the 'wrong' time of day (6,48) .”
From Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Circadian rhythms in the human body are a complex interaction of many circadian patterns, which are thought to be controlled in two main ways: via the central clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus, and by peripheral circadian clocks which are present in nearly all organs and cells (6,8) .”
From Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Other genes, like Bmal1 and Per1/2 and Cry1/2 were found to form an important transcriptional-translational feedback loop in the circadian system (6,52) .”
From Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“This review was concentrated on the impact of meal irregularity on cardiometabolic risk factors, but studies in shift workers indicate that they are also at an increased risk of developing other diseases such as cancer (6) .”
From Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
Cites
Goldberg, G. R., Black, A., Jebb, S. A., Cole, T. J., Pr, M., Coward, W. A., & Prentice, A. M. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 1,927
Self-citationBeaton, G. H., Milner, J., Corey, P., McGuire, V. M., Cousins, M., Stewart, E., de Ramos, M., Hewitt, D., Grambsch, P. V., Kassim, N., et al. (1979) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/32.12.2546 · Cited by 986
The dietary and nutritional survey of British adults
(1990) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/0924-2244(90)90106-9 · Cited by 884
Bingham, S. A., Gill, C., Welch, A., Day, K., Cassidy, A., Khaw, K. T., Sneyd, M. J., Key, T. J. A., Roe, L., & Day, N. E. (1994) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19940064 · Cited by 749
(1996) · PubMed · Cited by 705
Self-citationAssessing dietary intake: who, what and why of under-reporting.
Macdiarmid, J., & Blundell, J. (1998) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1079/nrr19980017 · Cited by 597
Black, A., Goldberg, G. R., Jebb, S. A., Livingstone, M. B. E., Cole, T. J., & Prentice, A. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 537
Self-citationBriefel, R., Sempos, C., McDowell, M., Chien, S., & Alaimo, K. (1997) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/65.4.1203s · Cited by 516
Accuracy of weighed dietary records in studies of diet and health.
Livingstone, M. B., Prentice, A. M., Strain, J. J., Coward, W. A., Black, A. E., Barker, M. E., McKenna, P. G., & Whitehead, R. G. (1990) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6726.708 · Cited by 455
Self-citationBlack, A. (2000) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600971 · Cited by 391
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Black, 1991, Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology, Eur J Ciin Nutr., 45, 583
- Black, 1984, The NACNE Report, Comparisons with the dietary patterns of dietitians. Hum Nutr Appl Nutr., 38A, 165
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- Black, 1996, Human energy expenditure in affluent societies, Eur J Clin Nutr., 50, 72
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS)
Lindström, J., Louheranta, A., Mannelin, M., Rastas, M., Salminen, V., Eriksson, J., Uusitupa, M., Tuomilehto, J., & for the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.12.3230 · Cited by 1,848
Markers of the Validity of Reported Energy Intake
Livingstone, M. B. E., & Black, A. E. (2003) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/133.3.895s · Cited by 1,081
Self-citationSubar, A. F. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg092 · Cited by 1,070
Issues in dietary intake assessment of children and adolescents
Livingstone, M. B. E., Robson, P. J., & Wallace, J. M. W. (2004) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041169 · Cited by 915
The USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method Accurately Estimates Group Total Energy and Nutrient Intake
Blanton, C. A., Moshfegh, A. J., Baer, D. J., & Kretsch, M. J. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.10.2594 · Cited by 767
Metadata
- Authors
- BLACK, A. E., & COLE, T. J.
- Affiliations
- Medical Research Council (GB)
- Corresponding author
- BLACK, ALISON E.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Dietetic Association
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 70-80
- ISSN
- 0002-8223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2033856806
- Cited by
- 249
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 18.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Dietetic Association (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Keywords
- energy intake, energy expenditure, underreporting, overreporting, reporting bias, doubly labeled water, urinary nitrogen excretion, basal metabolic rate, misclassification
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Basal Metabolism, Energy Intake, Child, Energy Metabolism, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrogen, Pregnancy, Reproducibility of Results, Diet Records, Bias
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